Results of the meta-analyses of athletes and matched controls
| n | Controls | Athlete | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Values are weighted means (SE). | ||||
| d, at end diastole; HR, heart rate; h/R, relative wall thickness; IVST, interventricular septal thickness; LVID, left ventricular internal diameter; LVM, left ventricular mass; n, number of study groups for which the respective variables were reported or could be calculated; PWT, posterior wall thickness. | ||||
| Reproduced from Fagard,2 with permission. | ||||
| A. Runners | ||||
| Age (years) | 9 | 24.2 (1.06) | 26.9 (1.61) | NS |
| HR (b/min) | 8 | 65.7 (2.56) | 51.6 (0.80) | <0.001 |
| LVIDd (mm) | 10 | 48.3 (0.42) | 53.2 (0.66) | <0.001 |
| IVSTd (mm) | 8 | 9.3 (0.36) | 10.8 (0.27) | <0.01 |
| PWTd (mm) | 10 | 8.9 (0.30) | 10.5 (0.29) | <0.001 |
| LVM (g) | 10 | 149 (6.2) | 216 (7.3) | <0.001 |
| h/R | 10 | 0.372 (0.015 | 0.398 (0.011 | = 0.05 |
| B. Strength athletes | ||||
| Age (years) | 7 | 24.5 (1.49) | 24.5 (1.29) | NS |
| HR (b/min) | 7 | 67.2 (2.06) | 62.3 (1.77) | NS |
| LVIDd (mm) | 7 | 51.9 (1.07) | 53.2 (0.99) | <0.01 |
| IVSTd (mm) | 7 | 8.9 (0.28) | 10.3 (0.48) | <0.05 |
| PWTd (mm) | 7 | 8.4 (0.31) | 9.5 (0.55) | <0.05 |
| LVM (g) | 7 | 159 (6.3) | 198 (7.7) | <0.01 |
| h/R | 7 | 0.334 (0.016) | 0.375 (0.026) | <0.05 |
| C. Cyclists | ||||
| Age (years) | 4 | 25.2 (0.85) | 23.9 (0.89) | NS |
| HR (b/min) | 4 | 67.8 (2.4) | 52.0 (0.33) | <0.01 |
| LVIDd (mm) | 4 | 50.5 (1.25) | 55.1 (0.6) | <0.05 |
| IVSTd (mm) | 4 | 9.1 (0.32) | 11.7 (0.6) | <0.01 |
| PWTd (mm) | 4 | 8.9 (0.48) | 11.6 (0.75) | <0.01 |
| LVM (g) | 4 | 159 (4.7) | 262 (22.0) | = 0.01 |
| h/R | 4 | 0.357 (0.022) | 0.42 (0.021) | <0.05 |