Baseline variables and major complications by quartiles of admission blood glucose concentrations
| Glucose quartiles (mmol/l) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1: ≤5.8 (n=551) | Q2: ≤7.2 (n=525) | Q3: ≤10.0 (n=523) | Q4: >10.0 (n=528) | p Value (group) | p Value (trend) | |
| Data are n (%) for categorical variables and mean (SD) for continuous variables except for peak creatine kinase (median and interquartile range). | ||||||
| ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; LVF, left ventricular failure; UA, unstable angina. | ||||||
| Baseline characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 61.5 (12.9) | 63.9 (12.9) | 63.7 (12.9) | 63.9 (11.6) | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Male sex | 378 (68.6%) | 364 (69.3%) | 374 (71.5%) | 366 (69.3%) | NS | NS |
| Racial group | ||||||
| White | 369 (68.6%) | 352 (68.2%) | 326 (63.6%) | 240 (46.1%) | ||
| Afro-Caribbean | 9 (1.7%) | 10 (1.9%) | 11 (2.1%) | 23 (4.4%) | ||
| Asian | 154 (28.6%) | 146 (28.3%) | 171 (33.3%) | 253 (48.6%) | ||
| Other | 6 (1.1%) | 8 (1.6%) | 5 (1.0%) | 5 (1.0%) | <0.0001 | |
| Hypertension | 259 (47.0%) | 241 (45.9%) | 269 (51.4%) | 290 (54.9%) | 0.01 | 0.003 |
| Diabetes | 51 (9.3%) | 60 (11.4%) | 131 (25.1%) | 367 (69.5%) | <0.001 | <0.0001 |
| Smoking | 182 (33.5%) | 173 (33.2%) | 184 (35.5%) | 153 (29.3%) | NS | NS |
| Family history of CAD | 198 (36.3%) | 163 (31.2%) | 162 (31.1%) | 130 (25.1%) | 0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Cardiac history | ||||||
| Previous ACS | 308 (56.1%) | 239 (45.7%) | 224 (42.8%) | 249 (47.3%) | <0.0001 | 0.002 |
| Previous revascularisation | 131 (23.9%) | 100 (19.1%) | 84 (16.1%) | 104 (19.7%) | 0.02 | 0.04 |
| Admission drugs | ||||||
| Aspirin | 335 (61.0%) | 281 (53.6%) | 255 (49.1%) | 300 (57.0%) | 0.001 | 0.08 |
| ACE inhibitor | 118 (21.5%) | 102 (19.5%) | 115 (22.1%) | 152 (28.9%) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Diuretic | 121 (22.3%) | 114 (21.8%) | 126 (24.3%) | 123 (23.5%) | NS | NS |
| β Blocker | 167 (30.5%) | 133 (25.4%) | 113 (21.7%) | 121 (23.1%) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Statin | 166 (30.3%) | 131 (25.1%) | 132 (25.4%) | 136 (26.0%) | NS | NS |
| Admission haemodynamics | ||||||
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 74 (17) | 75 (19) | 75 (20) | 82 (23) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 145 (29) | 144 (26) | 144 (29) | 146 (32) | NS | NS |
| Enzyme release and discharge diagnosis | ||||||
| Peak creatine kinase (mmol/l) | 123 (74–287) | 178 (82–701) | 296 (104–1189) | 243 (95–881) | <0.0001 | |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 118 (21.4%) | 215 (41.0%) | 286 (54.7%) | 253 (47.9%) | ||
| UA | 433 (78.6%) | 310 (59.1%) | 237 (45.3%) | 275 (52.1%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| ECG changes | ||||||
| ST change | 196 (38.0%) | 242 (49.5%) | 324 (66.3%) | 285 (59.5%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| T change | 289 (55.3%) | 305 (61.9%) | 321 (65.4%) | 278 (57.4%) | 0.005 | NS |
| Q waves | 54 (9.9%) | 104 (20.0%) | 147 (28.4%) | 140 (26.7%) | 0.0001 | 0.02 |
| Complications | ||||||
| LVF | 35 (6.4%) | 56 (10.7%) | 87 (16.8%) | 133 (25.2%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Ventricular fibrillation | 3 (0.6%) | 8 (1.5%) | 15 (2.8%) | 13 (2.5%) | 0.01 | 0.007 |
| Cardiac death | 4 (0.7%) | 12 (2.3%) | 20 (3.9%) | 32 (6.1%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| All cause death | 4 (0.7%) | 13 (2.5%) | 21 (4.0%) | 33 (6.3%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.2%) | 9 (1.7%) | <0.0001 | |