ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; F, female; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; M, male; NYHA, New York Heart Association; V̇E–V̇co2, ratio of ventilation and carbon dioxide production during exercise. | |
Age (years, mean (SEM)) | 55 (3) (range 23–73) |
Sex (n, M/F) | 18/2 |
LVEF (%, mean (SEM)) | 24 (2) (range 10–40%) |
NYHA class (n, I/II/III) | 2/10/8 |
Aetiology (n, ischaemic/other) | 9/11 |
V̇E–V̇co2 slope >34 (n) | 7 |
β Blockers (n) | 18 |
Digoxin (n) | 12 |
ACE inhibitors (n) | 18 |
Diuretics (n) | 11 |