Characteristics of patients according to outcome
| Study population | Survivors | Sudden death | Non-sudden death | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The only significant difference between patients who died suddenly and patients who died non-suddenly were for the sudden cardiac death index (*p = 0.002; **p = 0.009). | ||||
| Values are mean (SD) (analysis of variance), †medians (quartiles) (Kruskal-Wallis test), or percentages (χ2 test). | ||||
| CTR, cardiothoracic ratio; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; LVEDD, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD, left ventricular end systolic diameter; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; NYHA, New York Heart Association; UK-HEART, United Kingdom-heart failure evaluation and assessment of risk trial. | ||||
| UK-HEART (n = 553) | n = 352 | n = 67 | n = 134 | |
| Age (years) | 61.8 (9.6) | 62.4 (9.9) | 64.2 (9.2) | 0.002 |
| Male sex | 74.4% | 73.1% | 82.8% | 0.121 |
| NYHA class III | 29.8% | 49.3% | 57.5% | <0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 44.0 (17) | 36.2 (14) | 38.5 (15) | <0.001 |
| LVESD (cm) | 4.88 (1.1) | 5.50 (1.0) | 5.31 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| LVEDD (cm) | 6.08 (0.9) | 6.53 (0.9) | 6.41 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| CTR (%)† | 0.51 (0.48–0.55) | 0.57 (0.52–0.60) | 0.55 (0.50–0.60) | <0.001 |
| NSVT present | 31.2% | 56.7% | 48.5% | <0.001 |
| LVH present | 8.0% | 10.4% | 16.4% | 0.023 |
| Heart rate (beats/min)† | 72.5 (64–84) | 76.8 (64–89) | 77.0 (68–89) | 0.037 |
| QRS dispersion (ms)† | 41.3 (34–49) | 47.0 (39–59) | 43.3 (37–54) | 0.003 |
| QTc dispersion leads V1–V6 (ms)† | 35.0 (24–49) | 42.0 (31–63) | 37.0 (28–50) | 0.009 |
| Sudden cardiac death score | 3.07 (0.73) | 3.86 (0.84) | 3.55 (0.74)** | <0.001 |
| IHD and LVEF <45% (n = 262) | n = 148 | n = 38 | n = 76 | |
| Age (years) | 61.7 (8.2) | 63.7 (8.5) | 64.0 (8.8) | 0.106 |
| Male sex | 81.1% | 73.7% | 89.5% | 0.091 |
| NYHA class III | 40.5% | 60.5% | 56.6% | 0.019 |
| LVEF (%) | 30.9 (8.5) | 28.2 (10.1) | 29.9 (8.5) | 0.224 |
| LVESD (cm) | 5.46 (0.9) | 5.78 (1.0) | 5.78 (1.0) | 0.027 |
| LVEDD (cm) | 6.35 (0.8) | 6.58 (0.9) | 6.69 (1.0) | 0.025 |
| CTR (%)† | 0.52 (0.48–0.54) | 0.57 (0.55–0.60) | 0.55 (0.50–0.61) | <0.001 |
| NSVT present | 34.5% | 65.8% | 50.0% | 0.001 |
| LVH present | 4.7% | 13.2% | 13.2% | 0.051 |
| Heart rate (beats/min)† | 74.6 (66–83) | 76.9 (60–89) | 75.2 (66–89) | 0.573 |
| QRS dispersion (ms)† | 42.3 (35–51) | 47.3 (39–59) | 44.0 (35–54) | 0.061 |
| QTc dispersion leads V1–V6 (ms)† | 34.9 (24–48) | 43.5 (32–74) | 37.0 (30–54) | 0.011 |
| Sudden cardiac death score | 3.17 (0.71) | 4.09 (0.73) | 3.61 (0.79)* | <0.001 |