Study	Age range (years)	E:A ratio	IVRT	DT	AFF	E:A+DT
Ranges calculated (normal ranges ±2 SDs from mean and *occasional 95% confidence intervals.
A, peak atrial filling; AFF, atrial filling fraction; DT, deceleration time; E, peak rapid filling; IVRT, isovolumetric relaxation time.
Framingham study20 (n = 127)
	20–29	0.98–3.18			0.14–0.34
	30–39	0.95–2.55			0.15–0.35
	40–49	0.92–1.96			0.23–0.35
	50–59	0.73–1.85			0.22–0.38
	60–69	0.51–1.55			0.23–0.47
	⩾70	0.26–1.42			0.24–0.60
	All ages	0.32–2.48			0.15–0.47
Cardiovascular health study22 (n = 980)
	Overall (>65)	0.64–1.56
	Women
	65–69	0.50–1.62
	70–74	0.50–1.42
	75–79	0.52–1.28
	>80	0.48–1.12
	Men
	65–69	0.52–1.64
	70–74	0.44–1.48
	75–79	0.47–1.39
	>80	0.48–1.16
Mantero18 (n = 288)
	20–29	0.9–2.9	41.2–94.8	97.2–194.4	0.04–0.44
	30–39	0.9–2.5	45.3–97.7	94.2–283.8	0.07–0.47
	40–49	0.8–2.0	49.0–97.8	93.2–218.8	0.10–0.50
	50–59	0.6–1.8	51.7–102.9	87.5–222.3	0.14–0.54
	60–69	0.6–1.4	51.0–107.8	103.5–241.1	0.17–0.57
	70–80	0.2–1.4	44.7–117.5	86.5–269.7	0.19–0.59
Voutilainen21 (n = 93)
	<40	1.0–3.0	101–177		0.11–0.35
	40–60	0.6–1.8	100–204		0.20–0.48
	>60	0.76–0.84	112–216		0.27–0.63
	All	0.3–2.7	99–199		0.08–0.56
Klein24 (n = 117)
	<50	0.7–3.1	54–98	139–219
	>50	0.5–1.7	56–124	138–282
	20–29	0.8–3.6	49–93	144–220
	30–39	0.9–2.5	63–95	138–214
	40–49	0.8–2.4	53–105	131–223
	50–59	0.9–1.7	52–124	157–245
	60–69	0.6–1.4	60–128	132–296
	>70	0.2–1.8	56–116	135–303
European Study Group on Diastolic Heart Failure11 (review)
			Age <30			Age <50
			IVRT >92			E:A <1.0
			Age 30–50			DT >220
			IVRT >100			Age >50
			Age >50			E:A <0.5
			IVRT >105			DT >280
Cohen9 (n = 107)
	21–49	1.9 (0.7–3.1*)	76 (54–98*)	179 (139–219*)
	⩾50	1.1 (0.5–1.7*)	90 (56–124*)	210 (138–282*)
Bryg23 (n = 32)
	24–29	0.92–3.04
	30–49	0.80–2.24
	51–68	0.25–1.89
Spirito19 (n = 86)
	20–29	1.3–4.1	48–96	158–278
	30–49	0.8–3.2	56–104	166–274
	50–74	0.4–2.0	60–108	155–287