Typical reflex syncope triggers
| • Prolonged standing, especially in combination with warm temperature, confined spaces, or crowding (“church syncope”) |
| • Emotional circumstances, pain (for example, venepunctures, immunisation, sight of blood) |
| • Fasting, lack of sleep, fatigue, menstruation, illness with fever |
| • Micturition |
| • Early after intense exercise |
| • Hyperventilation and straining (self induced syncope) |
| • Stretching, coughing |
| • Standing quickly, arising from squat |
| • Rapid weight loss |
| • Certain medications, alcohol, and illicit drugs (must be distinguished from intoxication) |