Echocardiographic evaluation
| Control group (n = 26) | DHF (n = 25) | SHF (n = 27) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Data are mean (SD) or number (%). | ||||
| LV, left ventricular. | ||||
| Ejection fraction (%) | 62.0 (14.5) | 59.4 (8.0) | 30.7 (6.7) | <0.001 |
| LV end diastolic diameter (cm) | 4.70 (0.60) | 4.76 (0.67) | 5.53 (0.49) | <0.001 |
| LV end systolic diameter (cm) | 2.71 (0.67) | 3.17 (0.62) | 4.80 (0.75) | <0.001 |
| Interventricular septum (cm) | 1.13 (0.21) | 1.40 (0.15) | 1.04 (0.31) | <0.001 |
| Posterior wall (cm) | 1.10 (0.17) | 1.33 (0.13) | 1.00 (0.27) | <0.001 |
| Left atrial diameter (cm) | 3.47 (0.55) | 4.42 (0.84) | 4.43 (1.15) | <0.001 |
| LV wall thickness (cm) | 2.23 (0.35) | 2.73 (0.23) | 2.04 (0.58) | <0.001 |
| Relative wall thickness | 0.48 (0.08) | 0.58 (0.10) | 0.37 (0.12) | <0.001 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 111.6 (28.8) | 159.4 (32.2) | 143.2 (27.0) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic function (patients in sinus rhythm: DHF n = 20, SHF n = 13, and control n = 26) | ||||
| Peak E velocity (m/s) | 60.92 (14.97) | 61.7 (24.7) | 75.69 (24.44) | 0.09 |
| Peak A velocity (cm/s) | 78.5 (15.5) | 85.7 (23.8) | 69.84 (33.2) | 0.17 |
| Deceleration time (ms) | 223.6 (54.6) | 234.5 (68.4) | 167.3 (84.27) | 0.01 |
| Isovolumic relaxation time ms) | 111.6 (25.1) | 128.5 (22.5) | 123.8 (35.4) | 0.10 |
| E:A ratio | 0.80 (0.26) | 0.86 (0.76) | 1.45 (0.93) | 0.01 |
| Deceleration time >280 ms | 3 (11.5%) | 6 (24%) | 2 (7.4%) | 0.20 |
| Isovolumic relaxation time >105 ms | 13 (50%) | 19 (76%) | 15 (55.6%) | 0.13 |
| E:A ratio <0.5 | 2 (7.7%) | 7 (28%) | 2 (7.4%) | 0.05 |