Heart failure incidence in relation to metabolic syndrome and established risk factors in the total sample (n = 2314) free from heart failure, myocardial infarction and valvular disease at baseline
| Model A | Model B | Model C | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data are Cox proportional hazard ratios (95% CI), unadjusted (model A), adjusted for established risk factors for heart failure (hypertension, diabetes, ECG left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), smoking and body mass index) at baseline (model B) and adjusted for these established risk factors and interim myocardial infarction (MI) during follow up (model C). | |||
| *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 (p<0.05 was considered significant). | |||
| NA, not applicable. | |||
| Metabolic syndrome (present v absent) | 3.33 (2.23 to 4.98)*** | 1.66 (1.02 to 2.70)* | 1.80 (1.11 to 2.91)* |
| Hypertension (present v absent) | 2.87 (1.90 to 4.35)*** | 2.05 (1.32 to 3.19)*** | 2.00 (1.29 to 3.09)** |
| Diabetes (present v absent) | 2.26 (1.21 to 4.24)* | 1.36 (0.71 to 2.62) | 1.23 (0.63 to 2.40) |
| ECG LVH (present v absent) | 2.83 (1.04 to 7.71)* | 1.79 (0.65 to 4.94) | 1.15 (0.41 to 3.21) |
| Current cigarette smoking (present v absent) | 1.36 (0.92 to 2.02) | 1.50 (1.01 to 2.24)* | 1.30 (0.87 to 1.95) |
| Body mass index (per 1 SD (3.2 kg/m2)) | 1.78 (1.51 to 2.09)*** | 1.45 (1.20 to 1.76)*** | 1.37 (1.12 to 1.66)** |
| Interim MI (present v absent) | 10.63 (7.05 to 16.02)*** | NA | 8.66 (5.71 to 13.14)*** |