AFI (1994)w22 | High to intermediate risk: aged ⩾65 years; history of hypertension, CAD, or diabetes mellitus | Aged <65 years; no high risk features |
SPAF (1995)w23 | Women aged >75 years; SBP >160 mm Hg; LV dysfunction (on echocardiography or clinically) | History of hypertension; no high risk features | No history of hypertension; no high risk features |
Lip (1999)w24 | All patients with previous TIA or cerebrovascular accident; all patients aged ⩾75 with diabetes or hypertension; all patients with clinical evidence of valve disease, heart failure, thyroid disease, and impaired LV function on echocardiography | All patients ⩾65 with clinical risk factors: diabetes, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, ischaemic heart disease; all patients ⩾65 not in high risk group | All patients aged <65 with no history of embolism, hypertension, diabetes, or other clinical risk factors |
ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines (2001)1 | Aged ⩾60 years with diabetes or CAD; aged ⩾75 years (especially women); any age with risk factors (clinical heart failure, LVEF ⩽35%; thyrotoxicosis, or hypertension); rheumatic heart disease, prosthetic heart valves; previous thromboembolism; persistent atrial thrombus on TOE | Aged <60 years with CAD but no risk factors; aged ⩾60 years and risk factors | Aged <60 years and no risk factors |
CHADS2* (2001)w25, (2004)w26 | 3–6 | 1–2 | 0 |
Framingham (2003)w27 | Complicated weighted point scoring system—points are given for the following risk factors: ↑ age (maximum score ⩽10); sex (female = 6, male = 0); ↑ blood pressure (⩽4); and diabetes (6). Total score (maximum 31 points) corresponds to a predicted 5 year stroke risk |
ACCP (2004)2 | Prior stroke, TIA, or systemic embolic event; aged >75 years; moderately to severely impaired LV function with or without CHF; hypertension or diabetes | Aged 65–75 years with no other risk factors | Aged <65 years with no risk factors |