Mortality rates and hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals) for selected mortality outcomes in relation to obesity and overweight in men with and without prevalent CHD at baseline in the original Whitehall study
| Mortality outcome | Without baseline CHD (n = 14400) | With baseline CHD (n = 2596) | p Value for interaction* | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | p Value for trend | Normal | Overweight | Obese | p Value for trend | ||
| Forty one men with unknown cause of death have been excluded from the cause specific analyses. | |||||||||
| *Compares differences, if any, in the BMI–mortality slopes according to baseline CHD status; †mortality rates expressed per 1000 person years; ‡confounder adjusted model adjusted for age, employment grade, physical activity, smoking habit, marital status, disease at entry, and weight loss in the previous year; §multiply adjusted model adjusted for all potential confounding variables (as above) and BP lowering medication, height adjusted FEV1, systolic BP, diastolic BP, plasma cholesterol, blood glucose (in normoglycaemic patients), glucose intolerance, and diabetes status. | |||||||||
| ref, reference value. | |||||||||
| Numbers of subjects | 7901 | 5916 | 583 | 1336 | 1132 | 128 | |||
| All causes | |||||||||
| Number of deaths | 4639 | 3807 | 440 | 955 | 895 | 109 | |||
| Mortality rates (age adjusted)† | 25.7 | 26.7 | 34.6 | 32.9 | 36.0 | 39.2 | |||
| Age adjusted HR | 1.0 (ref) | 1.06 (1.02 to 1.11) | 1.53 (1.39 to 1.69) | <0.001 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.10 (1.00 to 1.20) | 1.28 (1.05 to 1.57) | 0.005 | 0.95 |
| Confounder adjusted HR‡ | 1.0 | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.13) | 1.55 (1.41 to 1.71) | <0.001 | 1.0 | 1.16 (1.05 to 1.27) | 1.32 (1.08 to 1.62) | <0.001 | 0.31 |
| Multiply adjusted HR§ | 1.0 | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.04) | 1.33 (1.20 to 1.47) | 0.004 | 1.0 | 1.10 (1.00 to 1.21) | 1.13 (0.92 to 1.39) | 0.05 | 0.24 |
| CVD | |||||||||
| Number of deaths | 2032 | 1839 | 241 | 517 | 562 | 62 | |||
| Mortality rates (age adjusted) | 11.3 | 12.9 | 19.4 | 17.9 | 22.5 | 22.2 | |||
| Age adjusted HR | 1.0 | 1.17 (1.10 to 1.24) | 1.91 (1.67 to 2.19) | <0.001 | 1.0 | 1.27 (1.13 to 1.43) | 1.31 (1.01 to 1.71) | <0.001 | 0.78 |
| Confounder adjusted HR | 1.0 | 1.18 (1.11 to 1.26) | 1.94 (1.70 to 2.22) | <0.001 | 1.0 | 1.32 (1.17 to 1.49) | 1.35 (1.04 to 1.77) | <0.001 | 0.83 |
| Multiply adjusted HR | 1.0 | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.10) | 1.52 (1.32 to 1.74) | <0.001 | 1.0 | 1.22 (1.08 to 1.38) | 1.08 (0.82 to 1.42) | 0.02 | 0.80 |
| CHD | |||||||||
| Number of deaths | 1279 | 1183 | 159 | 361 | 394 | 45 | |||
| Mortality rates (age adjusted) | 7.0 | 8.3 | 10.2 | 12.4 | 15.7 | 16.3 | |||
| Age adjusted HR | 1.0 | 1.20 (1.11 to 1.30) | 1.98 (1.68 to 2.34) | <0.001 | 1.0 | 1.28 (1.11 to 1.47) | 1.34 (0.99 to 1.84) | <0.001 | 0.67 |
| Confounder adjusted HR | 1.0 | 1.21 (1.12 to 1.31) | 2.00 (1.70 to 2.36) | <0.001 | 1.0 | 1.34 (1.16 to 1.55) | 1.40 (1.02 to 1.92) | <0.001 | 0.99 |
| Multiply adjusted HR | 1.0 | 1.07 (0.98 to 1.16) | 1.61 (1.36 to 1.90) | <0.001 | 1.0 | 1.24 (1.07 to 1.44) | 1.13 (0.82 to 1.56) | 0.02 | 0.91 |
| Stroke | |||||||||
| Number of deaths | 381 | 336 | 38 | 79 | 68 | 7 | |||
| Mortality rates (age adjusted) | 2.2 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.3 | |||
| Age adjusted HR | 1.0 | 1.11 (0.96 to 1.29) | 1.64 (1.17 to 2.28) | 0.01 | 1.0 | 1.01 (0.73 to 1.40) | 1.06 (0.49 to 2.31) | 0.90 | 0.30 |
| Confounder adjusted HR | 1.0 | 1.13 (0.97 to 1.31) | 1.70 (1.22 to 2.39) | 0.005 | 1.0 | 0.98 (0.70 to 1.36) | 1.06 (0.48 to 2.30) | 0.98 | 0.36 |
| Multiply adjusted HR | 1.0 | 0.96 (0.83 to 1.12) | 1.25 (0.89 to 1.76) | 0.73 | 1.0 | 0.87 (0.62 to 1.22) | 0.78 (0.35 to 1.73) | 0.35 | 0.30 |
| Non-CVD | |||||||||
| Number of deaths | 2590 | 1957 | 197 | 434 | 327 | 46 | |||
| Mortality rates (age adjusted) | 14.4 | 13.8 | 15.2 | 14.9 | 13.3 | 16.9 | |||
| Age adjusted HR | 1.0 | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.04) | 1.24 (1.08 to 1.44) | 0.38 | 1.0 | 0.88 (0.77 to 1.02) | 1.26 (0.93 to 1.70) | 0.69 | 0.53 |
| Confounder adjusted HR | 1.0 | 1.00 (0.94 to 1.06) | 1.27 (1.09 to 1.46) | 0.12 | 1.0 | 0.95 (0.82 to 1.10) | 1.29 (0.95 to 1.75) | 0.68 | 0.85 |
| Multiply adjusted HR | 1.0 | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.04) | 1.19 (1.02 to 1.38) | 0.52 | 1.0 | 0.96 (0.82 to 1.11) | 1.23 (0.90 to 1.69) | 0.74 | 0.69 |