Table 2 Cardiac conditions associated with the highest risk of adverse outcome from endocarditis for which prophylaxis is recommended. Reproduced with permission from Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, et al. Prevention of Infective Endocarditis. Guidelines From the American Heart Association. A Guideline From the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation 2007 Apr 19; [Epub ahead of print].153 © 2007, American Heart Association, Inc.
Prosthetic cardiac valve
Previous infective endocarditis
Congenital heart disease (CHD)*
    Unrepaired cyanotic CHD, including palliative shunts and conduits
    Completely repaired congenital heart defect with prosthetic material or device, whether placed by surgery or by catheter intervention, during the first 6 months after the procedure†
    Repaired CHD with residual defects at the site or adjacent to the site of a prosthetic patch or prosthetic device (which inhibits endothelialisation)
Cardiac transplant recipients who develop cardiac valvulopathy

  • *Except for the conditions listed above, antibiotic prophylaxis is no longer recommended for any other form of CHD.

  • †Prophylaxis is recommended because endothelialisation of prosthetic material occurs within 6 months after the procedure.