Baseline characteristics according to GRACE risk score for patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome
| Unstable angina/NSTEMI | STEMI | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low risk | Medium risk | High risk | p Value | Low risk | Medium risk | High risk | p Value | |
| ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CHF, congestive heart failure; GRACE, Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; MI, myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; STEMI, ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. | ||||||||
| Number | 3944 | 5440 | 5704 | 4119 | 2623 | 2359 | ||
| Men | 2755 (70%) | 3637 (67%) | 3431 (61%) | <0.001 | 3318 (81%) | 1773 (68%) | 1302 (56%) | <0.001 |
| Mean age (years) | 54 | 65 | 75 | <0.001 | 55 | 69 | 77 | <0.001 |
| Medical history | ||||||||
| Angina | 2463 (63%) | 3707 (69%) | 3755 (66%) | <0.001 | 1592 (39%) | 1084 (42%) | 1085 (46%) | <0.001 |
| Smoker, current/former | 2578 (66%) | 3195 (59%) | 2826 (50%) | <0.001 | 3021 (74%) | 1527 (59%) | 1066 (46%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 907 (23%) | 1443 (27%) | 1664 (29%) | <0.001 | 664 (16%) | 598 (23%) | 661 (28%) | <0.001 |
| Prior MI | 1189 (30%) | 1934 (36%) | 2350 (41%) | <0.001 | 673 (16%) | 544 (21%) | 639 (27%) | <0.001 |
| CHF | 166 (4.2%) | 441 (8.2%) | 1195 (21%) | <0.001 | 75 (2.0%) | 139 (5.3%) | 362 (16%) | <0.001 |
| Prior PCI | 967 (25%) | 1453 (27%) | 1281 (23%) | <0.001 | 433 (11%) | 271 (10%) | 246 (11%) | 0.98 |
| Prior CABG | 549 (14%) | 1051 (19%) | 1195 (21%) | <0.001 | 175 (4.3%) | 169 (6.5%) | 213 (9.1%) | <0.001 |
| PVD | 252 (6.4%) | 598 (11%) | 837 (15%) | <0.001 | 189 (4.6%) | 212 (8.2%) | 246 (11%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 2375 (61%) | 3424 (63%) | 3787 (67%) | <0.001 | 1889 (46%) | 1503 (58%) | 1408 (60%) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 120 (3.1%) | 355 (6.6%) | 887 (16%) | <0.001 | 76 (1.9%) | 146 (5.6%) | 278 (12%) | <0.001 |
| Prior drugs | ||||||||
| Aspirin | 1757 (45%) | 2960 (54%) | 3077 (54%) | <0.001 | 790 (19%) | 699 (27%) | 756 (32%) | <0.001 |
| ACE inhibitor | 1005 (26%) | 1627 (30%) | 1943 (34%) | <0.001 | 592 (14%) | 512 (20%) | 524 (22%) | <0.001 |
| Oral β blocker | 1440 (37%) | 2226 (41%) | 2272 (40%) | <0.001 | 728 (18%) | 545 (21%) | 524 (22%) | <0.001 |
| Statin | 1162 (30%) | 1877 (35%) | 1795 (32%) | <0.001 | 555 (14%) | 402 (15%) | 340 (15%) | 0.099 |
| Presentation characteristics | ||||||||
| Mean pulse (beats/min) | 75 | 75 | 84 | <0.001 | 75 | 77 | 90 | <0.001 |
| Mean SBP (mm Hg) | 156 | 145 | 134 | <0.001 | 146 | 137 | 125 | <0.001 |
| Mean initial creatinine (μmol/l) | 88.4 | 97.2 | 124 | <0.001 | 88.4 | 97.2 | 124 | <0.001 |
| Killip class | ||||||||
| I | 3889 (98.6%) | 5104 (93.8%) | 3922 (69%) | <0.001 | 4005 (97%) | 2302 (88%) | 1174 (50%) | <0.001 |
| II | 54 (1.4%) | 315 (5.8%) | 1408 (25%) | 113 (3.0%) | 300 (11.4%) | 762 (32%) | ||
| III (pulmonary oedema) | 0 | 20 (0.4%) | 320 (6.0%) | 0 | 19 (0.7%) | 282 (12%) | ||
| IV (cardiogenic shock) | 0 | 1 (0%) | 54 (1.0%) | 0 | 2 (0.1%) | 141 (6.0%) | ||
| Cardiac arrest | 0 | 6 (0.1%) | 83 (1.5%) | <0.001 | 10 (0.2%) | 41 (1.6%) | 183 (7.8%) | <0.001 |
| Positive initial cardiac markers | 900 (23%) | 1611 (30%) | 2741 (48%) | <0.001 | 1602 (39%) | 1547 (59%) | 1701 (72%) | <0.001 |