Structural heart disease | Structurally normal heart |
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– acyanotic heart disease, eg, ASD/VSD | – dual AV nodal pathways causing AVNRT |
– cyanotic heart disease, eg, tetralogy of Fallot | – WPW/accessory pathway |
– valvular heart disease, eg, bicuspid aortic valve | – “channelopathy” |
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– valvular heart disease 2° to rheumatic fever | – degenerative disease of conduction system |
– valvular heart disease 2° to endocarditis | – acquired long QT syndrome, eg, drugs, metabolic |
– cardiomyopathy |
ASD, atrial septal defect; AV, atrioventricular; AVNRT, atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia; VSD, ventricular septal defect; WPW, Wolff–Parkinson–White.