Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Diabetes at baseline (n = 731) | No diabetes at baseline (n = 2298) | p Value (diabetes versus no diabetes) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carvedilol(n = 360) | Metoprolol(n = 371) | Carvedilol(n = 1151) | Metoprolol(n = 1147) | ||
| CHF, chronic heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide. | |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 63.4 (9.3) | 64.4 (9.7) | 61.1 (11.8) | 61.6 (11.9) | <0.0001 |
| Gender (% male) | 73.9 | 77.6 | 81.1 | 81.0 | 0.0019 |
| Race (% white) | 98.1 | 98.9 | 99.2 | 99.1 | 0.3324 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 28.0 (4.5) | 27.4 (4.6) | 26.5 (4.4) | 26.6 (4.3) | <0.0001 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 128.8 (20.4) | 129.3 (20.1) | 125.1 (18.8) | 125.2 (19.4) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 77.1 (11.7) | 77.5 (10.8) | 77.1 (10.7) | 77.1 (10.9) | 0.7045 |
| Heart rate (bpm), mean (SD) | 82.9 (12.7) | 81.3 (13.7) | 80.6 (13.2) | 81.0 (13.5) | 0.0205 |
| NYHA class (%) | |||||
| II | 40.3 | 39.9 | 50.8 | 51.3 | <0.0001 |
| III | 55.8 | 55.0 | 46.1 | 44.6 | |
| IV | 3.9 | 5.1 | 3.0 | 4.1 | |
| Duration CHF (months), mean/median | 49.3/31.0 | 46.0/24.0 | 40.5/20.0 | 40.9/19.0 | 0.0024 |
| Aetiology CHF (%) | |||||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 59.2 | 65.5 | 48.9 | 49.9 | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 23.1 | 23.2 | 16.2 | 15.8 | <0.0001 |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 37.2 | 36.7 | 46.3 | 45.9 | <0.0001 |
| Previous valve surgery | 1.7 | 1.9 | 3.2 | 2.2 | 0.1634 |
| LVEF, mean (SD) | 26.5 (6.9) | 27.0 (6.9) | 25.5 (7.3) | 26.2 (7.2) | 0.0042 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/ml), median | 1473 | 1290 | 1257 | 1158 | 0.7671 |
| Haemoglobin level (g/l), mean (SD) | 141 (16) | 140 (16 | 142 (15) | 142 (15) | 0.0076 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/l), mean (SD) | 110.6 (43.3) | 110.4 (37.3) | 106.1 (40.2) | 106.1 (42.3) | 0.012 |
| Blood glucose (mmol/l), mean (SD) | 9.5 (4.2) | 9.6 (3.9) | 5.7 (1.5) | 5.6 (1.4) | <0.0001 |
| Previous MI (%) | 49.6 | 47.4 | 39.8 | 38.8 | <0.0001 |
| CAD (confirmed by angiography) (%) | 66.7 | 70.1 | 54.3 | 56.8 | <0.0001 |
| Current angina (%) | 23.5 | 27.6 | 20.6 | 20.2 | 0.0033 |
| Previous angioplasty (%) | 8.9 | 10.5 | 7.8 | 7.4 | 0.0721 |
| Previous CABG (%) | 18.6 | 24.5 | 14.4 | 16.7 | 0.0002 |
| Hypertension (%) | 50.3 | 48.6 | 33.5 | 32.3 | <0.0001 |
| Stroke (%) | 7.3 | 8.6 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 0.3026 |
| ECG findings (%) | |||||
| Sinus rhythm | 75.0 | 74.9 | 74.2 | 74.7 | 0.7828 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 21.7 | 18.9 | 20.1 | 19.3 | 0.7332 |
| Paced rhythm | 3.6 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 0.1811 |
| LBBB | 5.3 | 4.3 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 0.3239 |
| Diuretics (%) | 98.3 | 98.4 | 99.0 | 98.6 | 0.3297 |
| ACE inhibitors (%) | 91.7 | 91.6 | 91.5 | 91.0 | 0.7363 |
| Angiotensin receptor antagonists (%) | 5.0 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 7.0 | 0.3204 |
| Digitalis (%) | 65.6 | 57.1 | 59.1 | 58.6 | 0.2396 |
| Antiarrhythmics (%) | 10.8 | 12.9 | 13.0 | 11.4 | 0.8139 |
| Nitrates (%) | 40.6 | 41.8 | 30.2 | 29.9 | <0.0001 |
| Aldosterone antagonists (%) | 11.9 | 11.3 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 0.4051 |
| β Blockers (%) | 6.1 | 5.1 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 0.0437 |
| Anticoagulants (%) | 43.6 | 41.5 | 49.2 | 44.3 | 0.0475 |
| Aspirin (%) | 41.4 | 44.2 | 32.9 | 37.0 | 0.0001 |
| Lipid lowering agents (statins) (%) | 24.7 | 24.5 | 19.0 | 20.9 | 0.0073 |