| Men aged 30–44 | Men aged 45–54 | Men aged 55–64 | ||||||||||
| Relative risk | Absolute risk | Relative risk | Absolute risk | Relative risk | Absolute risk | |||||||
| RR (95% CI) | % change¶ | RD per 100 000 (95% CI) | % change# | RR (95% CI) | % change¶ | RD per 100 000 (95% CI) | % change# | RR (95% CI) | % change¶ | RD per 100 000 (95% CI) | % change# | |
| Deaths from all causes | ||||||||||||
| Baseline model§ | 1.70 (1.60 to 1.80) | 700 (623 to 776) | 1.82 (1.73 to 1.91) | 2468 (2270 to 2667) | 1.51 (1.43 to 1.60) | 2526 (2117 to 2934) | ||||||
| +/− smoking | 1.64 (1.54 to 1.74) | 8.6 | 448 (340 to 556) | 36.0 | 1.74 (1.65 to 1.83) | 9.8 | 1424 (1159 to 1689) | 42.3 | 1.43 (1.35 to 1.51) | 16.0 | 1678 (1161 to 2195) | 33.6 |
| +/− blood pressure (BP) | 1.67 (1.58 to 1.77) | 4.0 | 582 (498 to 665) | 16.9 | 1.80 (1.71 to 1.89) | 2.3 | 2194 (1952 to 2435) | 11.1 | 1.51 (1.43 to 1.59) | 1.2 | 2299 (1748 to 2849) | 9.0 |
| +/− cholesterol | 1.70 (1.60 to 1.80) | 0.4 | 691 (612 to 769) | 1.3 | 1.80 (1.71 to 1.89) | 2.9 | 2486 (2276 to 2695) | –0.7 | 1.50 (1.42 to 1.58) | 3.1 | 2604 (2170 to 3037) | –3.1 |
| +/– glucose | 1.68 (1.58 to 1.78) | 2.7 | 647 (571 to 723) | 7.5 | 1.80 (1.72 to 1.89) | 2.1 | 2311 (2113 to 2510) | 6.4 | 1.51 (1.43 to 1.59) | 1.0 | 2264 (1852 to 2676) | 10.4 |
| +/– smoking, BP | 1.61 (1.52 to 1.71) | 12.7 | 354 (235 to 474) | 49.4 | 1.72 (1.63 to 1.80) | 12.7 | 1425 (1092 to 1758) | 42.3 | 1.42 (1.34 to 1.50) | 18.2 | 1334 (621 to 2047) | 47.2 |
| +/– four risk factors | 1.59 (1.50 to 1.69) | 15.2 | 362 (240 to 484) | 48.3 | 1.68 (1.59 to 1.76) | 17.6 | 1378 (1026 to 1730) | 44.2 | 1.40 (1.32 to 1.48) | 22.5 | 1334 (577 to 2090) | 47.2 |
| Deaths from cardiovascular disease | ||||||||||||
| Baseline model§ | 1.44 (1.25 to 1.67) | 78 (48 to 109) | 1.62 (1.44 to 1.82) | 350 (265 to 434) | 1.38 (1.22 to 1.55) | 334 (143 to 525) | ||||||
| +/– smoking | 1.37 (1.19 to 1.59) | 15.9 | 42 (0 to 83) | 46.9 | 1.54 (1.37 to 1.73) | 13.0 | 134 (24 to 244) | 61.7 | 1.30 (1.16 to 1.47) | 19.4 | 107 (–129 to 344) | 67.8 |
| +/– blood pressure (BP) | 1.37 (1.19 to 1.59) | 15.2 | 60 (30 to 90) | 24.0 | 1.56 (1.39 to 1.75) | 9.7 | 246 (160 to 332) | 29.6 | 1.36 (1.21 to 1.53) | 4.5 | 295 (84 to 505) | 11.7 |
| +/– cholesterol | 1.44 (1.25 to 1.67) | –0.2 | 76 (45 to 107) | 3.6 | 1.62 (1.44 to 1.82) | –0.8 | 341 (255 to 427) | 2.5 | 1.38 (1.22 to 1.55) | –0.3 | 317 (119 to 516) | 5.0 |
| +/– glucose | 1.43 (1.24 to 1.65) | 2.7 | 70 (39 to 101) | 10.9 | 1.60 (1.43 to 1.80) | 2.1 | 323 (238 to 408) | 7.7 | 1.37 (1.22 to 1.55) | 1.3 | 339 (148 to 530) | –1.5 |
| +/– smoking, BP | 1.30 (1.13 to 1.51) | 31.1 | 16 (–23 to 55) | 79.4 | 1.47 (1.31 to 1.65) | 24.0 | 158 (42 to 275) | 54.7 | 1.28 (1.13 to 1.44) | 26.8 | –11 (–246 to 225) | 103.2 |
| +/– four risk factors | 1.30 (1.13 to 1.51) | 31.3 | 22 (−18 to 62) | 72.2 | 1.47 (1.30 to 1.65) | 24.5 | 142 (23 to 261) | 59.4 | 1.27 (1.13 to 1.43) | 28.4 | 88 (−156 to 333) | 73.5 |
| Deaths from ischaemic heart disease | ||||||||||||
| Baseline model§ | 1.40 (1.10 to 1.79) | 25 (7 to 44) | 1.28 (1.04 to 1.57) | 56 (8 to 103) | 1.22 (0.97 to 1.53) | 38 (−63 to 140) | ||||||
| +/– smoking | 1.33 (1.04 to 1.70) | 17.7 | 17 (−8 to 42) | 33.6 | 1.20 (0.98 to 1.48) | 27.7 | 15 (−45 to 75) | 73.5 | 1.16 (0.93 to 1.46) | 26.4 | 0 (−129 to 130) | 99.2 |
| +/– blood pressure (BP) | 1.36 (1.06 to 1.74) | 11.2 | 16 (−2 to 35) | 35.5 | 1.24 (1.01 to 1.52) | 13.3 | 48 (−3 to 99) | 13.7 | 1.21 (0.96 to 1.51) | 5.5 | 61 (−55 to 176) | −58.4 |
| +/– cholesterol | 1.40 (1.10 to 1.79) | −0.2 | 27 (9 to 45) | −7.2 | 1.30 (1.06 to 1.60) | −8.3 | 71 (23 to 119) | −27.1 | 1.24 (0.99 to 1.55) | −6.8 | 46 (−58 to 149) | −19.4 |
| +/− glucose | 1.39 (1.09 to 1.77) | 3.5 | 25 (7 to 43) | 2.6 | 1.27 (1.03 to 1.56) | 3.6 | 48 (0 to 95) | 14.9 | 1.21 (0.97 to 1.52) | 2.7 | 48 (−53 to 150) | −26.3 |
| +/− smoking, BP | 1.29 (1.00 to 1.65) | 29.1 | −2 (−25 to 22) | 106.8 | 1.16 (0.94 to 1.43) | 42.8 | 23 (−42 to 89) | 58.2 | 1.14 (0.91 to 1.43) | 36.4 | −45 (−166 to 76) | 217.4 |
| +/– four risk factors | 1.29 (1.01 to 1.65) | 28.6 | 1 (−22 to 24) | 95.7 | 1.18 (0.96 to 1.45) | 35.3 | 34 (−31 to 100) | 38.4 | 1.15 (0.92 to 1.44) | 32.3 | −10 (−136 to 117) | 125.5 |
*RRs were estimated with Cox’s regression and refer to RR of mortality from all causes, CVD, and IHD for low income with high income being referent (RR = 1.0). Cardiovascular risk factors were individually or simultaneously entered into the model.
†Confidence intervals for risk difference per 100 000 were calculated by the asymptotic method.
‡Low-risk population was the sample without cardiovascular risk factors. Subjects with specific cardiovascular risk factors were used to calculate RDs.
§Baseline model for relative risks refers to model only adjusting for age. In the baseline model for RDs, the whole samples were used to calculate RDs.
¶Per cent change in relative risk was calculated by ((RR in baseline model)– (RR in model adjusted for risk factor))/((RR in baseline model)– 1).
#Per cent change in absolute risk was calculated by ((RD in whole population)– (RD in low risk population))/(RD in whole population).