Table 2 Effects of β-blocker use on primary end points (stroke and systemic embolic events (SEE)) and all-cause mortality

Event	Subgroup	Digitalis	No digitalis	p Value*
Primary end point (stroke or SEE)		1.76 (1.42 to 2.09)	1.50 (1.17 to 1.84)	0.282
	β-blocker	1.96 (1.33 to 2.58)	1.09 (0.65 to 1.53)	0.023
	No β-blocker	1.66 (1.26 to 2.06)	1.80 (1.33 to 2.28)	0.663

All-cause mortality		4.22 (3.70 to 4.74)	2.66 (2.22 to 3.10)	<0.001
	β-blocker	4.02 (3.14 to 4.91)	2.39 (1.75 to 3.04)	0.003
	No β-blocker	4.31 (3.67 to 4.95)	2.85 (2.26 to 3.45)	0.002

Event rates in percentage/patient-year with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals.
*p Value is from the Cox proportional hazards model comparing digitalis use with no digitalis use.
SEE, systemic embolic event.