| Variable | Healthy controls | SHF | DHF | p Value | |
| Number | 400 | 568 | 104 | 0.0001 | |
| Males (%) | 54.2 | 75.7 | 54.7 | 0.0001 | |
| Age (years) (median, IQR) | 75 (68–80) | 74 (68–80) | 75 (68–82) | 0.047 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) (median, IQR) | 29.8 (27–33) | 26.5 (24–30) | 30.2 (27–34) | <0.0001 | |
| Patient-perceived NYHA II (%) | – | 67.9 | 61.1 | 0.192 | |
| LVEF (%) (median, IQR) | 63 (58–68) | 30 (23–35) | 54 (51–59) | 0.0001 | |
| 6-MWT (m) (median, IQR) | 369 (310–430) | 294 (165–375) | 300 (150–371) | 0.973 | |
| LBBB (%) | 4.5 | 22.9 | 6.3 | 0.0001 | |
| NT-proBNP* (pmol/l) (median, IQR) | 43 (20–62) | 178 (82–422) | 27 (13–67) | 0.0001 | |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) (median, IQR) | 93 (80–112) | 93 (77–110) | 94 (81–114) | 0.872 | |
| Haemoglobin (g/l) (median, IQR) | 13.7 (12.7–14.1) | 13.7 (12.7–14.1) | 13.6 (12.6–14.6) | 0.902 | |
| LVEDD (mm)† (median, IQR) | 49 (46–52) | 63 (56–70) | 52 (45–56) | 0.0001 | |
| LVESD (mm)† (median, IQR) | 33 (30–36) | 54 (47–60) | 36 (28–41) | 0.0001 | |
| Septal wall (mm)† (median, IQR) | 10.5 (9–12) | 10.6 (9–13) | 13 (12–15) | 0.0001 | |
| Posterior wall (mm)† (median, IQR) | 11 (10–12) | 10.6 (8.8–13) | 12 (11–14.5) | 0.0001 | |
| Left atrial diameter (mm)† (median, IQR) | 38 (34–42) | 44 (39–50) | 43 (39–46) | 0.153 | |
| Heart rate (rest) (beats/min) (median, IQR) | 67 (56–82) | 70 (60–80) | 67 (56–82) | 0.124 | |
| Diuretics (%) | – | 84.5 | 70.2 | 0.001 | |
| Loop diuretic (%) | – | 75.6 | 56.7 | 0.0001 | |
| Thiazides (%) | – | 8.9 | 13.5 | 0.001 | |
| β-blockers (%) | – | 53 | 52.8 | 0.632 | |
| Hypertension (%) | – | 34.4 | 64 | 0.0001 | |
| IHD (%) | – | 65.8 | 26.6 | 0.0001 | |
| DCM (%) | – | 9.4 | – | – | |
| Current smokers (%) | 9.8 | 12.2 | 10.9 | 0.206 | |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 15.2 | 17.8 | 14 | 0.102 | |
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 89.8 | 71.5 | 72.6 | 0.156 | |
| FVC (% predicted) | 92.2 | 77.5 | 74.7 | 0.108 | |
| FEV1/FVC (% predicted) | 90.2 | 83.5 | 87.6 | 0.214 |
6-MWT, 6-minute walk test; ACE-I, ACE-inhibitor; BMI, body mass index; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; DHF, diastolic heart failure; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; IQR, interquartile range; LBBB, left bundle branch block; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SHF, systolic heart failure.
*NT-proBNP available in 72% of patients with SHF and 68% of patients with DHF. †Available in 76% of healthy controls.
p Value is based on differences between SHF and DHF groups.