| Echocardiographic measures | Pre-race | Post-race | At 1 week |
| Left ventricular function | |||
| Abnormal wall motion/total subjects | 1/26 | 7/26† | 0/26 |
| All athletes (n = 26) | |||
| Systolic measures | |||
| Wall motion score index | 1.00 (0.02) | 1.11 (0.21)† | 1.00 (0.00) |
| LVEF (%) | 60.4 (4.7) | 57.5 (7.6) | 61.1 (5.7) |
| SI (%) | −16.9 (1.8) | −15.1 (3.2)† | −17.0 (2.0) |
| SRs | −0.87 (0.09) | −0.83 (0.17) | −0.87 (0.12) |
| Diastolic measures | |||
| E/A ratio | 2.2 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.5) | 2.1 (0.7) |
| e′ (cm/s) | 10.0 (1.5) | 10.0 (2.0) | 10.4 (2.0) |
| E/e′ ratio | 8.4 (1.8) | 7.4 (1.6) | 8.0 (1.5) |
| Vp | 56 (11) | 56 (11) | 62 (13) |
| SRe | 0.98 (0.16) | 0.93 (0.29) | 1.05 (0.2) |
| SRa | 0.44 (0.08) | 0.38 (0.15) | 0.45 (0.10) |
| Athletes with abnormal wall motion post-race (n = 7) | |||
| Systolic measures | |||
| Wall motion index | 1.00 (0.00) | 1.40 (0.24)‡ | 1.00 (0.00) |
| LVEF (%) | 57.8 (2.8) | 45.9 (4.5)‡ | 56.2 (5.7) |
| SI (%) | −15.5 (1.7) | −11.0 (3.1)† | −15.4 (1.8) |
| SRs (1/s) | −0.81 (0.09) | −0.66 (0.14)* | −0.81 (0.11) |
| Diastolic measures | |||
| E/A ratio | 2.3 (1.0) | 1.3 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.7( |
| e′ (cm/s) | 10.2 (2.2) | 8.7 (1.9) | 9.7 (1.9) |
| E/e′ ratio | 7.5 (1.8) | 6.2 (1.3) | 8.0 (1.7) |
| Vp | 52 (8) | 50 (7) | 52 (12) |
| SRe (1/s) | 0.89 (0.13) | 0.60 (0.18)† | 0.87 (0.11) |
| SRa (1/s) | 0.39 (0.11) | 0.24 (0.17)* | 0.42 (0.10) |
| Right ventricular function | |||
| All athletes (n = 26) | |||
| RVFAC | 0.47 (0.07) | 0.39 (0.09)† | 0.45 (0.07) |
| TAPSE (mm) | 21.8 (3.8) | 19.1 (3.4)† | 24.1 (3.9) |
| RV diastolic area (cm2) | 28.9 (5.7 ) | 28.9 (7.4) | 27.2 (5.2) |
| RV systolic area (cm2) | 15.3 (4.0) | 18.2 (6.0)* | 15.0 (4.1) |
| TV S′ <11.5 cm/s/total subjects | 1/26 | 7/26* | 2/26 |
| PASP (mm Hg) | 25.8 (8.2) | 24.3 (5.8) | 26.4 (5.0) |
Results are shown as mean (SD).
*p<0.05; †p<0.01; ‡p<0.001.
e′, septal mitral annulus early peak velocity; E/A, ratio of early to late peak diastolic transmitral flow velocity; E/e′, ratio of mitral early peak velocity/mitral annulus early peak velocity; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; RVFAC, right ventricular fractional area change; SI, integrated strain; SRa, peak late diastolic strain rate; SRe, peak early diastolic strain rate; SRs, peak systolic strain rate; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TV S′ (systolic), tissue Doppler at free wall tricuspid annulus; Vp, propagation velocity; Wall motion index, 16-segment wall motion score/16.