Prehospital | In-hospital | Post-hospital | ||||||||
Dead | Dead | Alive | Dead | Alive | ||||||
No | % | No | % | No | % | No | % | No | % | |
Distance (miles)† | ||||||||||
<3 | 1287 | 31.7 | 407 | 41.6 | 1753 | 33.0** | 678 | 36.5 | 1075 | 31.1** |
3–9 | 1346 | 33.2 | 304 | 31.0 | 1801 | 33.9 | 607 | 32.7 | 1194 | 34.6 |
>8 | 1423 | 35.1 | 268 | 27.4 | 1756 | 33.1 | 572 | 30.8 | 1184 | 34.3 |
Sex | ||||||||||
Male | 2029 | 49.1 | 443 | 43.9 | 3270 | 60.6** | 1017 | 53.3 | 2253 | 64.5** |
Female | 2104 | 50.9 | 567 | 56.1 | 2128 | 39.4 | 890 | 46.7 | 1238 | 35.6 |
Age (mean, SD) | 77.2 | 10.9 | 78.5 | 9.6 | 67.5 | 12.6** | 74.6 | 10.2 | 63.7 | 12.1** |
Deprivation category† | ||||||||||
1, least deprived | 175 | 4.4 | 47 | 4.8 | 313 | 5.9 | 100 | 5.4 | 213 | 6.1 |
2 | 833 | 20.9 | 172 | 17.4 | 980 | 18.4 | 325 | 17.6 | 655 | 18.8 |
3 | 1187 | 29.8 | 312 | 31.6 | 1508 | 28.3 | 502 | 27.3 | 1006 | 28.8 |
4 | 424 | 10.7 | 122 | 12.3 | 561 | 10.5 | 216 | 11.7 | 345 | 9.9 |
5 | 487 | 12.2 | 111 | 11.2 | 648 | 12.2 | 221 | 12.0 | 427 | 12.2 |
6+, most deprived | 876 | 23.0 | 225 | 22.8 | 1320 | 24.8 | 478 | 26.0 | 742 | 24.1 |
Travel time (mean, SD) | – | – | 17.3 | 15.3 | 19.3 | 14.9** | 20.4 | 15.7 | 18.7 | 15.4** |
Urban-rural code‡ | ||||||||||
1 | 1603 | 40.5 | 385 | 38.6 | 2356 | 44.0** | 813 | 43.5 | 1543 | 44.2 |
2 | 1003 | 25.4 | 289 | 29.0 | 1410 | 26.3 | 527 | 28.2 | 883 | 25.3 |
3, 6 | 1181 | 29.9 | 280 | 18.0 | 1431 | 26.7 | 467 | 25.0 | 964 | 27.6 |
7, 8 | 167 | 4.2 | 44 | 4.4 | 163 | 3.0 | 62 | 3.3 | 101 | 2.9 |
Previous hospitalisation | ||||||||||
Angina | 445 | 10.8 | 121 | 12.0 | 691 | 12.8 | 295 | 15.5 | 396 | 11.3** |
Heart failure | 845 | 20.5 | 277 | 27.4 | 1402 | 26.0** | 821 | 43.1 | 581 | 16.6** |
Stroke | 433 | 10.5 | 111 | 11.0 | 271 | 5.0** | 173 | 9.1 | 98 | 2.8** |
Hypertension | 432 | 10.5 | 131 | 13.0 | 645 | 12.0* | 233 | 12.2 | 412 | 11.8** |
PVD | 462 | 11.2 | 128 | 12.7 | 423 | 7.8** | 232 | 12.2 | 191 | 5.5** |
Diabetes | 567 | 13.7 | 146 | 14.5 | 715 | 13.2 | 327 | 17.2 | 388 | 11.1** |
Cardiovascular drug use in the previous year‡ | ||||||||||
Lipid-lowering drug | 325 | 7.9 | 97 | 9.6 | 667 | 12.4* | 554 | 29.1 | 2660 | 76.2** |
Antiplatelets | 1569 | 38.0 | 386 | 38.2 | 1556 | 28.8** | 1205 | 63.2 | 2907 | 83.3** |
β-blockers | 1148 | 27.8 | 302 | 29.9 | 1684 | 31.2 | 539 | 28.3 | 2264 | 64.9** |
ACE inhibitors | 868 | 21.0 | 188 | 18.6 | 787 | 14.6** | 765 | 40.1 | 2054 | 58.8** |
Diuretics | 2570 | 62.2 | 628 | 62.2 | 2110 | 39.1** | 1052 | 55.2 | 1388 | 39.8** |
α-blockers | 198 | 4.8 | 56 | 5.5 | 257 | 4.8** | 54 | 2.8 | 123 | 3.5 |
Nitrates | 1438 | 34.8 | 374 | 37.0 | 1627 | 30.1** | 1047 | 54.9 | 2435 | 69.8** |
Ca-blockers | 1370 | 33.2 | 370 | 36.6 | 1694 | 31.4 | 518 | 27.2 | 1177 | 33.7** |
Data are numbers and percentages unless otherwise stated.
*Comparison of dead and alive patients, p<0.05; **p<0.01. †Excluding missing data. ‡Drug uses during the follow-up for post-hospital cohort.
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.