| Characteristic | All patients (n = 1994) | 30-day mortality | |||
| Alive (n = 1944) | Died (n = 50) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p Value | ||
| Age (years) | 66 (59 to 72) | 66 (59 to 72) | 72 (64 to 76) | 1.06 (1.02 to 1.10)* | 0.001 |
| Risk factors and medical history | |||||
| Male | 1548 (78%) | 1513 (78%) | 35 (70%) | 0.67 (0.36 to 1.23) | 0.19 |
| Current smoker | 204 (10%) | 202 (10%) | 2 (4%) | 0.36 (0.09 to 1.49) | 0.16 |
| Diabetes | 304 (15%) | 295 (15%) | 9 (18%) | 1.23 (0.59 to 2.55) | 0.59 |
| Hypertension | 1199 (60%) | 1170 (60%) | 29 (58%) | 0.91 (0.52 to 1.61) | 0.75 |
| Prior percutaneous coronary intervention | 163 (8%) | 160 (8%) | 3 (6%) | 0.71 (0.22 to 2.31) | 0.57 |
| Prior cardiac surgery | 42 (2%) | 39 (2%) | 3 (6%) | 3.12 (0.93 to 10.45) | 0.07 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 978 (49%) | 954 (49%) | 24 (48%) | 0.96 (0.55 to 1.68) | 0.88 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction <50%† | 677 (34.2%) | 652 (33.8%) | 25 (50%) | 1.96 (1.12 to 3.44) | 0.02 |
| BMI† | 28.0 (4.1) | 28.0 (4.1) | 26.9 (4.4) | 0.93 (0.86 to 1.00) | 0.06 |
| New York Heart Association functional class† | |||||
| I or II | 875 (47%) | 858 (47%) | 17 (39%) | ||
| III or IV | 985 (53%) | 958 (53%) | 27 (61%) | 1.42 (0.77 to 2.63) | 0.26 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 64 (14) | 64 (14) | 54 (15) | 0.64 (0.53 to 0.76)‡ | <0.001 |
| EuroSCORE† | 4 (2 to 6) | 4 (2 to 6) | 7 (5 to 8) | 1.39 (1.27 to 1.52) | <0.001 |
| Carstairs score | −2.28 (−3.70 to −0.20) | −2.28 (−3.70 to −0.26) | −1.14 (−2.87 to +0.50) | 1.09 (1.00 to 1.20) | 0.06 |
| Operative data | |||||
| Preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump | 75 (4%) | 70 (4%) | 5 (10%) | 2.97 (1.14 to 7.71) | 0.03 |
| Additional major operative procedure§ | 219 (11%) | 201 (10%) | 18 (36%) | 4.88 (2.69 to 8.85) | <0.001 |
| Time on bypass (min) | 79 (59 to 97) | 78 (59 to 96) | 109 (84 to 175) | 1.17 (1.13 to 1.22)¶ | <0.001 |
| Cross clamp time (min) | 43 (32 to 54) | 43 (32 to 53) | 53 (45 to 102) | 1.19 (1.12 to 1.25)¶ | <0.001 |
Categorical data are expressed as number (percentage) and continuous data as mean (standard deviation) if normally distributed (BMI and estimated GFR) or median (interquartile range) if skewed (other continuous variables).
*Odds ratio per year.
†Left ventricular ejection fraction was not defined in 13 cases, BMI was not accurately recorded in 40 patients, New York Heart Association functional class was not recorded in 134 patients, and EuroSCORE was not accurately recorded in 14 patients. Percentages refer to patients with data available.
‡Odds ratio per 10 ml/min/1.73 m2.
§See text for details.
¶Odds ratio per 10 min.