| Characteristics/variables | Normal subjects (n = 80) | Patients with hypertension (n = 54) |
| Clinical characteristics | ||
| Age (years) | 59 (9) | 60 (12) |
| Gender (% male) | 41 | 46 |
| HR (bpm) | 68 (10) | 68 (13) |
| BSA (m2) | 1.8 (0.2) | 2.0 (0.3)* |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 124 (12) | 141 (18)* |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 76 (8) | 80 (10)* |
| Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 92 (8) | 101 (10)* |
| Hypertension duration (years) | 0 | 12 (14) |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 0 | 14 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia (%) | 0 | 32 |
| Current smoker (%) | – | 14 |
| Drugs | ||
| ACE inhibitors (%) | 0 | 29 |
| AII inhibitors (%) | 0 | 62 |
| Calcium antagonists (%) | 0 | 35 |
| β Blockers (%) | 0 | 8 |
| Diuretics (%) | 0 | 23 |
| Other (%) | 0 | 17 |
| No of antihypertensive agents | 0 | 1.7 (1.1) |
| Echocardiographic variables | ||
| 2-D Echocardiographic parameters | ||
| LA diameter (M mode) (mm) | 38 (4) | 40 (6)* |
| LA Volmax (ml) | 43.9 (12.6) | 50.2 (18.0)* |
| Indexed LA Volmax (ml) | 24.2 (6.1) | 26.2 (8.8) |
| LA Volmin (ml) | 19.1 (6.8) | 21.0 (9.5) |
| Indexed LA Volmin (ml) | 10.5 (3.2) | 10.6 (4.2) |
| Ventricular septal thickness (mm) | 9.6 (1.8) | 11.4 (1.9)* |
| Posterior wall thickness (mm) | 9.5 (1.7) | 11.3 (1.7)* |
| LV mass index (gm/m2) | 67 (14) | 86 (18)* |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 61 (6) | 58 (5)* |
| Doppler parameters | ||
| Peak E velocity (m/s) | 0.70 (0.16) | 0.74 (0.16) |
| Peak A velocity (m/s) | 0.67 (0.17) | 0.74 (0.2)* |
| E/A ratio | 1.1 (0.31) | 1.1 (0.33) |
| Mitral A VTI (cm) | 9.3 (3.3) | 9.8 (2.8) |
| Deceleration time (ms) | 213 (46) | 241 (54)* |
| IVRT (ms) | 94 (14) | 104 (17)* |
| Atrial fraction (%) | 40.9 (8.8) | 39.3 (8.3) |
| Left atrial ejection fraction (%) | 56.4 (8.9) | 57.6 (7.7) |
| LA stroke volume (ml) | 24.8 (7.9) | 29.2 (9.6)* |
| Peak septal E′ (cm/s) | 7.3 (1.9) | 6.5 (2.0)* |
| Peak septal A′ (cm/s) | 9.7 (1.8) | 9.7 (2.1) |
| Peak septal E/E′ | 10.8 (3.9) | 12.3 (4.4)* |
Data are mean (SD).
*p<0.05.
A, mitral inflow contraction velocity; A′, atrial contraction, velocity using Doppler tissue imaging; BP, blood pressure; BSA, body surface area; E, mitral velocity of early diastolic filling from transmitral flow; E′, early diastolic filling using Doppler tissue imaging; HR, heart rate; IVRT, isovolumic relaxation time; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; Volmax, maximum left atrial volume; Volmin, minimum left atrial volume; VTI, velocity time integral.