The role of imaging in percutaneous aortic valve implantation procedures
| Process | Preferred imaging modality |
| Patient selection | |
| Assessment of: | |
| AS severity | TTE or TOE |
| Aortic valve anatomy | TTE or TOE |
| Aortic valve calcifications (severity, location) | MSCT |
| Coronary anatomy (CAD, relation with annulus) | Angiography or MSCT |
| Aortic annulus diameter | All modalities can be used |
| Aortic arch (angulation, atheroma) | MSCT |
| Peripheral arteries (calcifications, tortuosity) | Angiography or MSCT |
| Atrial or ventricular thrombus | TTE or TOE |
| LV ejection fraction | All modalities can be used |
| Aortic valve implantation | |
| Vascular access | Fluoroscopy and/or TOE |
| Prosthesis sizing | Fluoroscopy and/or TOE |
| Prosthesis positioning and deployment | Fluoroscopy and/or TOE |
| Assessment of valve competence | Fluoroscopy and/or TOE |
| Assessment of coronary patency | Fluoroscopy and/or TOE |
| Detection of complications | Fluoroscopy and/or TOE |
| Follow-up | |
| Assessment of prosthesis function | TTE or TOE |
| Assessment of prosthesis position | TTE, TOE or MSCT |
| Detection of complications | All modalities can be used |
AS, aortic stenosis; CAD, coronary artery disease; LV, left ventricular; MSCT, multislice computed tomography; TOE, transoesophageal echocardiography; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography.