Rates of comorbidity and other factors with adjusted odds ratios for the performance of angiography for first admissions
| Overall (%) | Angiography not performed (%) | Angiography performed (%) | Difference* (%) | Adjusted odds ratio† (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male gender | 62.9 | 52.5 | 70.3 | +17.8 | 1 (–) | – |
| Female gender | 37.1 | 47.5 | 29.7 | −17.8 | 0.72 (0.66 to 0.79) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity‡ | ||||||
| Caucasian | 1.00 | |||||
| Asian | 6.3 | 3.4 | 8.3 | +4.9 | 1.61 (1.29 to 2.02) | <0.001 |
| Deprivation§ | ||||||
| Quartile 1–3 | 1.00 | |||||
| Highest quartile | 25 | 25.8 | 24.5 | −1.3 | 0.76 (0.68 to 0.84) | <0.001 |
| Risk factor | ||||||
| Never or ex-smoker | 1.00 | |||||
| Current smoker | 24.1 | 15.5 | 29.8 | +14.3 | 0.87 (0.77 to 0.98) | 0.021 |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| Previous angina | 37.1 | 42.5 | 33.3 | −9.2 | 1.02 (0.92 to 1.13) | NS |
| Previous AMI | 29.3 | 35.6 | 24.8 | −10.8 | 0.65 (0.58 to 0.72) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 53.3 | 53.8 | 53.1 | −0.7 | 1.23 (1.12 to 1.35) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 35.4 | 27.9 | 40.5 | +12.6 | 1.67 (1.51 to 1.86) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 7.4 | 12.7 | 3.7 | −9 | 0.53 (0.44 to 0.63) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 16.6 | 21 | 13.6 | −7.4 | 0.71 (0.63 to 0.80) | <0.001 |
| Chronic renal failure | 5.7 | 8.7 | 3.6 | −5.1 | 0.62 (0.51 to 0.75) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 22.1 | 24.6 | 20.4 | −4.2 | 0.76 (0.68 to 0.85) | <0.001 |
| CerVD | 9.9 | 14.8 | 6.6 | −8.2 | 0.65 (0.56 to 0.75) | <0.001 |
| PVD | 6.9 | 9.3 | 5.3 | −4 | 0.72 (0.61 to 0.86) | <0.001 |
| Prior interventions | ||||||
| PCI | 8.8 | 6.8 | 10.3 | +3.5 | 1.26 (1.07 to 1.49) | 0.006 |
| CABG | 7.8 | 7.9 | 7.8 | −0.1 | 0.93 (0.79 to 1.09) | NS |
| Care in hospital | ||||||
| Care by cardiologist | 47.8 | 36.5 | 55.4 | +18.9 | 1 | |
| Care by generalist | 52.2 | 63.5 | 44.6 | −18.9 | 0.75 (0.67 to 0.84) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac ward | 53.8 | 43.3 | 60.6 | +17.3 | 1 | |
| Medical ward | 46.2 | 56.7 | 39.4.3 | −17.3 | 0.85 (0.76 to 0.95) | 0.003 |
On univariate analysis, p<0.001 for each factor, except deprivation in the highest quartile: p = 0.11, hypertension: p = 0.4, and previous CABG: p = 0.8.
*Difference is the prevalence of comorbidity in the group having angiography minus the prevalence in the group not having angiography; †the adjusted odds ratio was derived from multivariate regression analysis and included all listed factors within the table. Age was included as a continuous variable; ‡ethnicity; Asian contrasted with Caucasian; §deprivation is a comparison of the highest quartile with remaining quartiles of index of multiple deprivation (IMD score).
AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CerVD, cerebrovascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.