Daily time-series studies with temperature exposures and myocardial infarction (MI) outcomes: summary/interpretation
| First author and year | MIs (n) | Long-term local mean temperature and annual range* (°C) | Detrimental effect of cold? | Detrimental effect of heat? | Adjusted for season and trend? | MI events: validation or specified criteria | Adjusted for humidity | Adjusted for atmospheric pressure | Adjusted for infectious disease levels | Adjusted for air pollution | Adjusted for day of week? | Allowance for non-linear temperature effects? | Investigated lag effects? |
| Studies of fatal and non-fatal events | |||||||||||||
| Gerber 200614 | 2676 | 7 (−10.8 to 21.2) | No | No | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| Wang 200615 | 3755 | 16.7 (5.6 to 28.3) | Yes | No | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| Enquselassie 199316 | 3889 | 17.9 (11.9 to 23.7) | Yes (fatal MIs only) | No | ✗† | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
| Ohlson 199117 | 357 | 6.3 (−3.9 to 17.3) | No | N/A | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ |
| Barnett 200518 | 87 410 | − | Yes | No | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ |
| Morabito 200519 | 2683 | 14.1 (5.8 to 23.5) | Yes | Yes (for increased hours of discomfort) | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| Ebi 200420 | 283 031 | 14.7 (10.1 to 18.6) to 19.3 (14.8 to 24.4) | Certain regions only (1/3 regions for night temperature; 2/3 regions for day temperature) | Certain regions only (2/3 regions for night temperature;0/3 regions for day temperature) | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| Koken 200321 | Not reported | 9.7 (−1.4 to 21.9) | N/A | Yes | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ |
| Messner 200222 | 3322 | −1.4 (−15.6 to 13.5) to 4.6 (−5.5 to 16.5) | No | Yes (change from previous day, non-fatal MIs only) | ✗‡ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| Danet 199923 | 3314 | 10.6 (2.0 to 19.1) | Yes | No | ✗§ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| Fatal events only | |||||||||||||
| Dilaveris 200624 | 3126 | 18.0 (8.6 to 28.4) | Yes | Yes | ✗† | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Sharovsky 200425 | 12 007 | 18.0 (13.9 to 21.8) | Yes | Yes | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Rossi 199926 | Approx 1600 | 12.8 (3.8 to 22.9) | Not mentioned | Yes | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
*10-Year average of the monthly mean temperatures, and of the minimum and maximum monthly mean temperature in the study area, as recorded at the nearest available monitoring station included in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) surface temperature data,12 using data from the years 1991–2000 inclusive; †authors adjusted for calendar month, which should have approximately captured any seasonal effect; ‡authors performed a basic adjustment for season in a sensitivity analysis, which did not change the conclusions; §authors adjusted for annual population and calendar year, which should have approximately captured any long-term trend.