| Healthy controls | COPD patients | |||
| Rest | Exercise | Rest | Exercise | |
| HR (beats/min) | 71 (8) | 96 (12)* | 81 (11)† | 96 (14)** |
| SV (ml/beat) | 81 (22) | 101 (28)* | 63 13)† | 69 (14)*‡ |
| CO (l/min) | 5.7 (1.5) | 9.6 (2.6)* | 5.1 (1.2) | 6.7 (1.9)**† |
| Right ventricle | ||||
| EDV (ml) | 127 (35) | 136 (35)* | 129 (42) | 135 (42)* |
| ESV (ml) | 46 (17) | 35 (15)* | 65 (46) | 65 (48)† |
| EF (%) | 64 (6) | 74 (8)* | 52 (13)‡ | 54 (14)‡ |
| Left ventricle | ||||
| EDV (ml) | 121 (35) | 129 (36)* | 94 (16) | 98 (17)† |
| ESV (ml) | 40 (15) | 28 (14)* | 31 (12) | 29 (12) |
| EF (%) | 68 (6) | 79 (8)* | 67 (11) | 71 (11)* |
Values are expressed as mean (SD). CO, cardiac output; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EDV, end-diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; ESV, end-systolic volume; HR, heart rate; SV, stroke volume.
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, rest versus exercise measurements, †p<0.05, versus healthy controls, ‡p<0.01 versus healthy controls.