Risk factors by education and gender in control subjects in the INTERHEART study
| Length of education | Trade/college/university | 9–12 years | ⩽8 years | ||
| Women | 996 | 878 | 1910 | 3784 | |
| Men | 4374 | 2799 | 3665 | 10 838 | |
| Total | 5370 | 3677 | 5575 | 14622 | |
| p | p for heterogeneity | ||||
| Age (years) mean (SD) | |||||
| Women | 58.1 (11.4) | 60.1 (11.4) | 64.4 (11.4) | <0.0001 | |
| Men | 52.6 (11.2) | 54.1 (11.6) | 59.3 (11.5) | <0.0001 | 0.30 |
| SBP (mm Hg) mean (SD) | |||||
| Women | 128 (17) | 128 (17) | 129 (17) | 0.006 | |
| Men | 129 (17) | 130 (17) | 129 (17) | 0.68 | 0.017 |
| ApoB/apoA1 (mmol/l) mean (SD) | |||||
| Women | 0.73 (0.26) | 0.72 (0.25) | 0.75 (0.40) | 0.20 | |
| Men | 0.82 (0.60) | 0.79 (0.48) | 0.82 (0.57) | 0.47 | 0.32 |
| BMI (kg/m2) mean (SD) | |||||
| Women | 26.2 (4.1) | 26.3 (4.1) | 26.8 (4.3) | 0.001 | |
| Men | 25.9 (4.0) | 25.5 (4.2) | 25.3 (4.2) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| WHR, mean (SD) | |||||
| Women | 0.86 (0.09) | 0.85 (0.09) | 0.88 (0.09) | <0.0001 | |
| Men | 0.92 (0.07) | 0.92 (0.10) | 0.93 (0.06) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Current smoking (%) (n) | |||||
| Women | 9.1 (92) | 12.7 (107) | 9.5 (148) | 0.72 | |
| Men | 26.3 (1298) | 33.3 (999) | 35.4 (1226) | <0.0001 | 0.005 |
| Hypertension | |||||
| Women | 22.5 (243) | 21.6 (220) | 24.5 (608) | 0.23 | |
| Men | 20.6 (820) | 20.6 (555) | 17.9 (755) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Diabetes | |||||
| Women | 5.0 (52) | 4.2 (40) | 9.2 (207) | <0.0001 | |
| Men | 7.1 (290) | 8.5 (231) | 7.1 (278) | 0.98 | <0.0001 |
| Daily consumption of vegetables and fruits | |||||
| Women | 56 (555) | 56 (495) | 41 (826) | <0.0001 | |
| Men | 46 (1936) | 40 (1088) | 33 (1206) | <0.0001 | 0.018 |
| Alcohol | |||||
| Women | 16.6 (166) | 15.0 (133) | 6.2 (122) | <0.0001 | |
| Men | 32.6 (1392) | 32.6 (899) | 22.9 (845) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Daily exercise | |||||
| Women | 23.8 (239) | 21.1 (191) | 9.4 (193) | <0.0001 | |
| Men | 25.4 (1074) | 19.5 (535) | 15.5 (583) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Stress | |||||
| Women | 5.8 (58) | 5.7 (48) | 3.7 (58) | 0.012 | |
| Men | 4.7 (242) | 3.0 (94) | 3.1 (110) | 0.0002 | 0.077 |
| Depression | |||||
| Women | 20.7 (200) | 20.2 (170) | 23.3 (411) | 0.11 | |
| Men | 14.8 (643) | 14.1 (387) | 18.8 (644) | <0.0001 | 0.32 |
| High locus of control | |||||
| Women | 27.2 (263) | 21.9 (184) | 11.8 (210) | <0.0001 | |
| Men | 30.8 (1309) | 20.5 (554) | 13.3 (452) | <0.0001 | 0.11 |
Adjusted for age. Continuous variables are shown as means (SD).
ApoB/apoA1, apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.