Risk factors by education and type of country in control subjects in the INTERHEART study
| Length of education | Trade/college/university | 9–12 years | ⩽8 years | ||
| Low/middle income | 3874 | 2829 | 4797 | 11500 | |
| High income | 1496 | 848 | 778 | 3122 | |
| Total | 5370 | 3677 | 5575 | 14622 | |
| p | p for hetero-geneity | ||||
| Age (years) mean (SD) | |||||
| Low/middle income | 53.5 (11.8) | 54.9 (11.7) | 60.8 (11.8) | <0.0001 | |
| High income | 54.1 (11.6) | 57.6 (11.6) | 62.7 (11.7) | <0.0001 | 0.0007 |
| SBP (mm Hg) mean (SD) | |||||
| Low/middle income | 127 (18) | 128 (18) | 129 (17) | 0.002 | |
| High income | 132 (17) | 132 (17) | 134 (17) | 0.003 | 0.27 |
| ApoB/apoA1 (mmol/l) mean (SD) | |||||
| Low/middle income | 0.78 (0.56) | 0.75 (0.49) | 0.78 (0.33) | 0.63 | |
| High income | 0.79 (0.33) | 0.75 (0.24) | 0.77 (0.24) | 0.23 | 0.41 |
| BMI (kg/m2) mean (SD) | |||||
| Low/middle income | 25.9 (4.3) | 25.7 (4.2) | 25.8 (4.1) | 0.17 | |
| High income | 27.1 (4.2) | 26.7 (4.1) | 26.9 (4.2) | 0.18 | 0.55 |
| WHR, mean (SD) | |||||
| Low/middle income | 0.89 (0.06) | 0.89 (0.11) | 0.90 (0.07) | <0.0001 | |
| High income | 0.89 (0.08) | 0.89 (0.09) | 0.91 (0.08) | <0.0001 | 0.056 |
| Current smoking (%) (n) | |||||
| Low/middle income | 16.1 (1060) | 20.9 (899) | 20.5 (1181) | <0.0001 | |
| High income | 12.5 (330) | 16.9 (207) | 20.8 (193) | <0.0001 | 0.027 |
| Hypertension | |||||
| Low/middle income | 22.3 (768) | 22.0 (587) | 20.8 (1167) | 0.12 | |
| High income | 21.7 (295) | 21.0 (188) | 20.2 (196) | 0.41 | 0.97 |
| Diabetes | |||||
| Low/middle income | 6.5 (246) | 7.2 (204) | 7.3 (391) | 0.14 | |
| High income | 6.5 (96) | 7.5 (67) | 10.5 (94) | 0.0007 | 0.054 |
| Daily consumption of vegetables and fruits | |||||
| Low/middle income | 46 (1571) | 43 (1106) | 35 (1633) | <0.0001 | |
| High income | 67 (920) | 59 (477) | 53 (399) | <0.0001 | 0.060 |
| Alcohol | |||||
| Low/middle income | 18.4 (965) | 17.5 (663) | 11.5 (704) | <0.0001 | |
| High income | 30.8 (593) | 37.2 (369) | 27.5 (263) | 0.093 | 0.0002 |
| Daily exercise | |||||
| Low/middle income | 17.4 (694) | 13.0 (382) | 11.0 (563) | <0.0001 | |
| High income | 40.4 (619) | 39.4 (344) | 25.6 (213) | <0.0001 | 0.001 |
| Stress | |||||
| Low/middle income | 4.9 (199) | 3.3 (96) | 3.0 (127) | <0.0001 | |
| High income | 6.7 (101) | 5.6 (46) | 6.5 (41) | 0.86 | 0.10 |
| Depression | |||||
| Low/middle income | 17.8 (629) | 16.0 (414) | 20.8 (897) | 0.002 | |
| High income | 15.7 (214) | 19.0 (143) | 23.9 (158) | <0.0001 | 0.009 |
| High locus of control | |||||
| Low/middle income | 24.4 (944) | 17.1 (482) | 11.3 (507) | <0.0001 | |
| High income | 42.2 (628) | 32.1 (256) | 22.1 (155) | <0.0001 | 0.98 |
Adjusted for age and sex. Continuous variables are shown as means (SD).
For abbreviations see table 3.