| AVR (n = 2255) | MVR (n = 863) | |||||
| Female (n = 766) | Male (n = 1489) | p Value | Female (n = 495) | Male (n = 368) | p Value | |
| Preoperative characteristics | ||||||
| Age | 68.3 (12.3) | 64.3 (14.1) | <0.0001 | 62.1 (13.3) | 63.2 (12.4) | 0.24 |
| BMI | 27.7 (6.2) | 28.0 (5.6) | 0.46 | 26.3 (5.8) | 26.7 (5.3) | 0.56 |
| Preoperative NYHA III/IV | 269 (35.1%) | 497 (33.4%) | 0.42 | 274 (55.4%) | 195 (53.0%) | 0.53 |
| Non-elective surgery | 147 (19.2%) | 331 (22.2%) | 0.1 | 92 (18.6%) | 83 (22.6%) | 0.17 |
| LVEF <50% | 84 (11.0%) | 202 (13.6%) | 0.08 | 88 (17.8%) | 71 (19.3%) | 0.60 |
| Preoperative hypertension | 447 (58.4%) | 758 (50.9%) | 0.16 | 245 (49.5%) | 105 (28.5%) | 0.04 |
| Smoker | 95 (12.4%) | 280 (18.8%) | <0.0001 | 72 (14.6%) | 65 (17.7%) | 0.22 |
| Diabetes | 42 (5.5%) | 65 (4.4%) | 0.25 | 22 (4.4%) | 8 (2.2%) | 0.09 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 30 (3.9%) | 49 (3.3%) | 0.47 | 86 (17.4%) | 39 (10.6%) | 0.006 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3 (0.4%) | 5 (0.3%) | 1.0 | 5 (1.0%) | 3 (0.8%) | 1.0 |
| Operative characteristics | ||||||
| Reoperation | 5 (0.6%) | 11 (0.7%) | 1.0 | 8 (1.6%) | 2 (0.5%) | 0.20 |
| Bioprosthesis | 486 (63.6%) | 815 (54.7%) | <0.0001 | 164 (33.3%) | 137 (37.2%) | 0.25 |
| Mechanical valve | 278 (36.4%) | 674 (45.3%) | <0.0001 | 329 (66.7%) | 231 (62.8%) | 0.25 |
| CABG | 238 (31.2%) | 651 (44.0%) | <0.0001 | 121 (24.7%) | 167 (45.8%) | <0.0001 |
| CPB time | 117.1 (39.6) | 127.0 (44.8) | <0.0001 | 111.6 (41.5) | 126.9 (43.7) | <0.0001 |
| Cross-clamp time | 78.1 (24.9) | 84.9 (27.4) | <0.0001 | 70.0 (24.2) | 80.5 (27.8) | <0.0001 |
AVR, aortic valve replacement; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft surgery; CPB cardiopulmonary bypass; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MVR, mitral valve replacement; NYHA, New York Heart Association Class.