| Adjusted HR (95% CI) after bioprosthetic AVR | Adjusted HR (95% CI) after mechanical AVR | Adjusted HR (95% CI) after bioprosthetic MVR | Adjusted HR (95% CI) after mechanical MVR | |
| Reoperation | ||||
| Female gender | 0.44 (0.20 to 0.94) | 0.80 (0.42 to 1.51) | 0.95 (0.55 to 1.65) | 1.02 (0.51 to 2.04) |
| Older age (per year) | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.98) | 0.96 (0.94 to 0.98) | 0.98 (0.96 to 1.00) | – |
| Coronary disease | 0.51 (0.22 to 1.17) | – | 0.17 (0.05 to 0.58) | – |
| Stroke | ||||
| Female gender | 1.53 (0.68 to 3.48) | 1.71 (1.07 to 2.72) | 2.95 (0.57 to 15.2) | 2.14 (0.96 to 4.78) |
| Older age (per year) | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.08) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04) | – | – |
| Smoking | 3.86 (1.42 to 10.5) | 2.62 (1.60 to 4.26) | – | 1.68 (0.77 to 3.69) |
| Atrial fibrillation | – | – | – | 1.71 (0.87 to 3.39) |
| Late death | ||||
| Female gender | 0.45 (0.33 to 0.61) | 1.01 (0.74 to 1.38) | 0.63 (0.39 to 1.02) | 0.78 (0.55 to 1.10) |
| Older age (per year) | 1.04 (1.03 to 1.06) | 1.05 (1.04 to 1.07) | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.08) | 1.03 (1.02 to 1.05) |
| Coronary disease | 1.27 (0.97 to 1.66) | 1.65 (1.23 to 2.23) | – | – |
| Later surgery (per year) | 0.96 (0.92 to 0.99) | – | – | – |
| LVEF <50% | – | – | – | 1.72 (1.18 to 2.52) |
| Preoperative NYHA class III–IV | – | – | – | 1.53 (1.05 to 2.24) |
*p<0.20.
†Factors considered in each model include female gender, age, coronary disease requiring bypass grafting, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, non-elective surgery, preoperative NYHA class III–IV, preoperative LVEF <50%, atrial fibrillation, cigarette smoking, and later year of surgery. If the hazard ratio is not listed, then that factor did not approach statistical significance in the final model.
AVR, aortic valve replacement; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MVR, mitral valve replacement; NYHA, New York Heart Association.