| Risk factors/drugs | Control (n = 69) | CHOICE (n = 67) | Effect size (95%CI) |
| Plasma cholesterol (mmol/l), mean (SEM) | |||
| TC | 4.7 (0.1) | 4.0 (0.1)‡ | 0.7 (0.3 to 0.9) |
| >4.0 mmol/l, n (%) | 54 (78) | 32 (48)‡ | 22 (15 to 45) |
| LDL | 2.4 (0.1) | 2.0 (0.1)** | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.6) |
| >2.5 mmol/l, n (%) | 31 (45) | 9 (13)‡ | 22 (17 to 46) |
| HDL | 1.3 (0.1) | 1.3 (0.1) | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.1) |
| TG | 1.8 (0.1) | 1.5 (0.1)* | 0.3 (0.0 to 0.6) |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg), mean (SEM) | |||
| Systolic | 143.9 (2.3) | 131.6 (1.8)*** | 12.3 (6.4 to 18.2) |
| >140 mm Hg, n (%) | 47 (68) | 17 (25)*** | 30 (28 to 58) |
| Diastolic | 82.5 (1.5) | 77.7 (1.1)** | 4.7 (1.1 to 8.4) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SEM) | 31.2 (0.7) | 28.9 (0.7)* | 2.3 (0.3 to 4.2) |
| ⩾30 kg/m2, n (%) | 46 (67) | 21 (31)*** | 25 (20 to 51) |
| Physical activity—IPAQ score (METS/kg/min), mean (SEM) | 715 (103) | 1369 (167)*** | 654 (264 to 1040) |
| Inactive†, n (%) | 47 (68) | 19 (28)*** | 28 (24 to 55) |
| Cardiac depression score, mean (SEM) | 73.8 (3.2) | 71.3 (3.0) | 2.4 (−6.3 to 11) |
| ⩾100, n (%) | 13 (19) | 10 (15) | 3 (−8.6 to 16.4) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 16 (23) | 4 (6)** | 12 (7 to 29) |
| Three or more modifiable risk factors, n (%) | 50 (72) | 14 (21)*** | 36 (37 to 66) |
| Cardiac drugs, n (%) | |||
| Statin | 45 (65) | 55 (82)* | 10 (2 to 31) |
| β Blockers | 37 (54) | 30 (45) | 7 (−8 to 26) |
| ACEi or A2RB | 45 (65) | 42 (63) | 3 (−14 to 19) |
| Aspirin or clopidogrel | 49 (71) | 51 (76) | 2 (−20 to 10) |
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 for control versus CHOICE.
†Inactive as defined by the categorical IPAQ score.21
ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; A2RB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; CHOICE, Choice of Health Options In prevention of Cardiovascular Events; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.