Table 4 Age-adjusted multivariable hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for all-cause mortality according to the category of living arrangement

	Category of living arrangement
	Alone	Spouse	Spouse + parent	Spouse + child	Spouse + child + parent	Parent	Child	Child + parent	Others
Men
Person-years	15 168	92 754	18 343	219 068	110 213	19 798	20 098	12 249	7257
All causes (n)	193	1152	136	1636	497	153	244	81	90
Model 1*	1.52 (1.30 to 1.77)	1.0	0.78 (0.66 to 0.94)	0.97 (0.90 to 1.05)	0.81 (0.72 to 0.90)	1.68 (1.41 to 2.00)	1.39 (1.20 to 1.60)	1.19 (0.94 to 1.50)	1.66 (1.34 to 2.06)
Model 2†	1.52 (1.30 to 1.77)	1.0	0.78 (0.66 to 0.94)	0.97 (0.90 to 1.05)	0.80 (0.72 to 0.90)	1.68 (1.40 to 2.00)	1.39 (1.20 to 1.60)	1.19 (0.94 to 1.50)	1.66 (1.33 to 2.06)
Model 3‡	1.47 (1.26 to 1.72)	1.0	0.79 (0.66 to 0.95)	0.96 (0.88 to 1.04)	0.80 (0.71 to 0.89)	1.56 (1.30 to 1.86)	1.28 (1.11 to 1.47)	1.13 (0.89 to 1.42)	1.58 (1.27 to 1.96)

Women
Person-years	26 234	114 718	18 951	227 703	84 105	12 790	67 036	17 300	8373
All causes (n)	162	540	49	695	167	70	293	47	50
Model 1*	1.15 (0.96 to 1.37)	1.0	0.76 (0.56 to 1.01)	0.95 (0.84 to 1.06)	0.87 (0.72 to 1.04)	1.95 (1.51 to 2.50)	1.07 (0.92 to 1.23)	1.03 (0.76 to 1.40)	1.38 (1.03 to 1.84)
Model 2†	1.15 (0.96 to 1.37)	1.0	0.75 (0.56 to 1.00)	0.94 (0.84 to 1.06)	0.86 (0.72 to 1.03)	1.94 (1.51 to 2.50)	1.07 (0.92 to 1.23)	1.03 (0.76 to 1.39)	1.37 (1.03 to 1.84)
Model 3‡	1.09 (0.92 to 1.31)	1.0	0.76 (0.57 to 1.03)	0.95 (0.85 to 1.07)	0.88 (0.73 to 1.06)	1.88 (1.46 to 2.42)	1.04 (0.90 to 1.20)	1.01 (0.75 to 1.37)	1.29 (0.97 to 1.73)

*Multivariate hazard ratios were adjusted for age and public health centre area; †multivariate hazard ratios were adjusted for age, public health centre area and stress; ‡multivariate hazard ratios were adjusted for age, public health centre area, stress and health behaviour variables (smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, body mass index).