Baseline clinical characteristics
| Frequency (%) or median (interquartile range) | |
| Age (years) | 68 (61–73) |
| Male gender | 1247 (60.7) |
| Functional class III or IV | 112 (5.5) |
| Diabetes | 355 (17.3) |
| Diabetes treated with insulin | 71 (3.5) |
| Hypertension | 1247 (60.7) |
| Previous or current heart failure | 62 (3.0) |
| Previous stroke | 188 (9.3) |
| Angina | 270 (13.2) |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 165 (8.0) |
| Previous revascularisation* | 304 (14.8) |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
| NT-proBNP (ng/l) | 109.3 (47.0–352.8) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/l) | 2.0 (0.7–8.0) |
| Electrocardiography | 2054 (100) |
| Pathological Q waves | 111 (5.4) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 164 (8.0) |
| Left bundle branch block | 14 (0.7) |
| Echocardiography | 1923 (93.6) |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction ⩽40% | 95 (4.6) |
| Abnormal left ventricular wall motion | 408 (19.9) |
| Preoperative non-invasive test† | 765 (37.2) |
| Overall positive result for ischaemia | 188 (9.2) |
| Preoperative Invasive test | 544 (26.5) |
| Significant coronary artery disease by invasive test | 359 (17.5) |
| Any evidence of myocardial ischaemia§ | 444 (21.6) |
Data are shown as frequency (%) or median (interquartile range) as appropriate.
*Previous revascularisation includes percutaneous coronary intervention in 222 cases and bypass surgery in 82 cases.
†Preoperative non-invasive test includes SPECT in 577 cases, Treadmill test in 113 cases and stress echocardiography in 47 cases.
§Positive non-invasive test or coronary artery stenosis of more than 50% was defined as any evidence of myocardial ischaemia.