All study participants
| CON | FH-T2DM | FH-CVD | FH-BOTH | p (ANOVA) | |
| Sex (female:male) (%) | 55:45 | 57:43 | 54:46 | 53:47 | 0.890 |
| Age (years) | 43.4±8.2 | 43.8±8.1 | 44.3±7.7 | 44.3±7.0 | 0.462 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4±3.7 | 26.8±4.5 | 26.4±3.4 | 26.7±4.1 | 0.545 |
| Body weight (kg) | 77.7±14.6 | 77.9±15.6 | 77.3±13.2 | 77.5±15.4 | 0.978 |
| Waist to hip ratio | 0.88±0.10 | 0.87±0.11 | 0.87±0.12 | 0.87±0.08 | 0.781 |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 55.0±11.8 | 54.5±11.7 | 54.6±11.1 | 54.8±12.0 | 0.944 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 118.4±12.1 | 117.3±12.4 | 118.6±11.6 | 119.6±12.4 | 0.396 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.9±7.7 | 74.3±8.2 | 75.1±7.9 | 76.6±8.2 | 0.068 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/l) | 81±14 | 79±15 | 82±14 | 81±15 | 0.177 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.06±0.19 | 1.04±0.19 | 1.08±0.18 | 1.06±0.19 | |
| GFR [MDRD formula] (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 72±14 | 73±15 | 70±13 | 72±14 | 0.128 |
| Plasma total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.82±0.83 | 4.81±0.92 | 4.87±0.85 | 4.99±0.98 | 0.196 |
| Plasma total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 186±32 | 186±35 | 188±33 | 193±38 | |
| Plasma HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.40±0.38 | 1.38±0.38 | 1.39±0.36 | 1.36±0.37 | 0.697 |
| Plasma HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 54±15 | 53±15 | 54±14 | 53±14 | |
| Plasma LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.90±0.78 | 2.93±0.84 | 2.96±0.78 | 3.07±0.82 | 0.068 |
| Plasma LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 111±32 | 113±32 | 114±30 | 118±32 | |
| Plasma triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.14±0.74 | 1.14±1.04 | 1.10±0.59 | 1.20±0.66 | 0.716 |
| Plasma triglycerides (mg/dl) | 101±65 | 101±92 | 97±52 | 106±58 | |
| ASAT (GOT) (U/L) | 35.3±13.5 | 34.4±12.3 | 35.7±15.4 | 34.1±12.3 | 0.663 |
| ALAT (GPT) (U/L) | 39.1±21.1 | 39.0±18.2 | 37.8±18.9 | 41.4±22.4 | 0.457 |
| Impaired fasting glucose (%) | 17 | 23 | 16 | 28* † | 0.009 |
| Impaired glucose tolerance (%) | 8 | 19* † | 7 | 16* † | <0.001 |
| Impaired glucose metabolism (%) | 22 | 34* | 22 | 39* † | <0.001 |
Anthropometric characteristics, routine laboratory measurements, renal function as well as per cent participants with impaired fasting glucose (>5.55 mmol/l (>100 mg/dl)), glucose tolerance (2 h:>7.77 mmol/l (>140 mg/dl)) and glucose metabolism (at least one of these criteria fulfilled), in participants without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the family history (CON; n=519), and those with T2DM (FH-T2DM; n=187), CVD (FH-CVD; n=201), and both T2DM and CVD (T2DM-FH-CVD; n=141) in the family history. All data are given as means±SD. ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test.
↵* p<0.03 versus CON.
↵† p<0.03 versus FH-CVD.
ALAT, alanine aminotransaminase; ASAT, aspartate aminotransaminase; BMI, body mass index; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease.