Effects of elevated LDL-C and IR
| LDL-C≤3.5 mmol/l | LDL-C>3.5 mmol/l | p (t test) | M≥5 mg/min/kg | M<5 mg/min/kg | p (t test) | |
| n | 782 | 252 | 743 | 299 | ||
| Sex (female:male) (%) | 59:41 | 41:59 | <0.001 | 58:42 | 46:54 | 0.001 |
| Age (years) | 43.1±7.9 | 45.8±7.8 | <0.001 | 43.5±7.9 | 44.2±8.0 | 0.208 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3±3.9 | 27.2±3.6 | <0.001 | 25.4±3.1 | 29.2±4.3 | <0.001 |
| Body weight (kg) | 76.5±14.5 | 80.9±14.1 | <0.001 | 74.2±12.6 | 86.1±15.8 | <0.001 |
| Waist to hip ratio | 0.86±0.10 | 0.91±0.12 | <0.001 | 0.86±0.11 | 0.90±0.09 | <0.001 |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 54.0±11.6 | 57.3±11.5 | <0.001 | 53.5±11.3 | 58.0±12.0 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 117.7±12.0 | 120.9±12.0 | <0.001 | 117.2±12.2 | 121.4±11.3 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.6±8.0 | 76.6±7.5 | <0.001 | 74.1±8.0 | 77.3±7.1 | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/l) | 80±14 | 83±14 | <0.001 | 80±14 | 81±15 | 0.200 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.04±0.19 | 1.09±0.18 | 1.05±0.18 | 1.07±0.19 | ||
| GFR (MDRD formula) (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 72±14 | 71±14 | 0.378 | 71±14 | 72±14 | 0.327 |
| Plasma total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.50±0.63 | 5.88±0.59 | <0.001 | 4.81±0.87 | 4.95±0.88 | 0.027 |
| Plasma total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 174±24 | 227±23 | 186±34 | 191±34 | ||
| Plasma HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.42±0.39 | 1.29±0.30 | <0.001 | 1.45±0.38 | 1.23±0.32 | <0.001 |
| Plasma HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 55±15 | 50±12 | 56±15 | 48±12 | ||
| Plasma LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.60±0.53 | 3.99±0.49 | <0.001 | 2.89±0.80 | 3.06±0.79 | 0.002 |
| Plasma LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 100±22 | 154±19 | 111±31 | 117±32 | ||
| Plasma triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.05±0.65 | 1.32±0.56 | <0.001 | 1.02±0.58 | 1.45±1.04 | <0.001 |
| Plasma triglycerides (mg/dl) | 93±57 | 117±50 | 90±51 | 129±92 | ||
| ASAT (GOT) (U/L) | 34.9±14.0 | 35.7±12.3 | 0.433 | 35.0±13.7 | 35.3±13.3 | 0.781 |
| ALAT (GPT) (U/L) | 37.8±20.0 | 43.5±21.2 | <0.001 | 36.3±18.4 | 46.2±23.3 | <0.001 |
| Impaired fasting glucose (%) | 18 | 26 | 0.004 | 17 | 25 | 0.005 |
| Impaired glucose tolerance (%) | 11 | 12 | 0.724 | 5 | 24 | <0.001 |
| Impaired glucose metabolism (%) | 25 | 33 | 0.008 | 20 | 42 | <0.001 |
| M-value (mg/min/kg) | 6.9±2.9 | 6.4±2.6 | 0.042 | 8.0±2.4 | 3.7±0.9 | <0.001 |
| Common carotid IMT (mm) | 0.594±0.080 | 0.633±0.088 | <0.001 | 0.598±0.084 | 0.620±0.084 | <0.001 |
| Internal carotid IMT (mm) | 0.608±0.118 | 0.665±0.147 | <0.001 | 0.615±0.120 | 0.637±0.147 | 0.028 |
Anthropometric characteristics, routine laboratory measurements, renal function and per cent participants with impaired fasting glucose (>5.55 mmol/l (>100 mg/dl)), glucose tolerance (2 h:>7.77 mmol/l (>140 mg/dl)) and glucose metabolism (at least one of these criteria fulfilled), hyperinsulinaemic clamp M-values and intima media thickness in common and internal carotid artery in participants without compared to those with elevated LDL-cholesterol (ie, LDL-C+ subcohort) or IR (ie, IR subcohort). The data were compared with Student t test and are given as means±SD.
ALAT, alanine aminotransaminase; ASAT, aspartate aminotransaminase; BMI, body mass index; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IMT, intima media thickness; IR, insulin resistance; LDL(-C), low-density lipoprotein (cholesterol); MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease.29