Table 3

Univariable and multivariable regression analysis demonstrating the association between VO₂ max and various potential predictors, in the entire study population

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Variable	β	p Value	β	p Value
Clinical
Age	−0.42	0.003	−0.38	0.004
Gender	−0.09	0.5
Body surface area	−0.17	0.2
Hypertension	−0.17	0.3
β Blockers	−0.03	0.9
Calcium channel blockers	−0.11	0.8
New York Heart Association class	−0.12	0.4
Resting heart rate	−0.04	0.9
Resting systolic blood pressure	0.004	0.9
Resting diastolic blood pressure	−0.027	0.9
Echocardiography
Deceleration time	−0.11	0.5
E/E′ ratio	−0.20	0.2
Myocardial performance index	0.05	0.8
LV end-diastolic stiffness	−0.21	0.2
Resting peak LVOT gradient	−0.15	0.3
Provokable (pre-stress) peak LVOT gradient (amyl nitrite or Valsalva)	−0.25	0.2
Post-stress peak LVOT gradient	−0.1	0.5
Resting mitral regurgitation	−0.08	0.6
Post-stress mitral regurgitation	−0.11	0.8
Cardiac magnetic resonance
Basal end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness	−0.07	0.7
Left atrial area index	−0.1	0.5
Left ventricular end-systolic index	0.07	0.4
Left ventricular end-diastolic index	0.1	0.5
Left ventricular ejection fraction	−0.06	0.7
Left ventricular mass index	−0.13	0.4
Degree of delayed hyperenhancement	−0.04	0.8
Ascending aortic distensibility	0.37	0.008
Pulse wave velocity	−0.38	0.007	−0.33	0.01

Because pulse wave velocity and ascending aortic distensibility are two different ways of measuring aortic stiffness, only pulse wave velocity was included in the multivariable analysis.
LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract.