Baseline characteristics and demographic data
| Variables | All patients (n=161) | AVA <1 cm2 (n=79) | AVA ≥1 cm2 (n=82) | p Value |
| Age, years (mean±SD) | 86±7.70 | 88.025±7.879 | 87.52±7.499 | 0.42 |
| Male sex (%) | 65 (40.37) | 29 (36.7) | 36 (43.9) | 0.46 |
| eGFR (ml/min) (mean±SD) | 38.76±12.78 | 37.64±13.73 | 40.41±17.24 | 0.11 |
| eGFR <30 ml/min (%) | 53 (32.91) | 26 (32.91) | 27 (32.92) | 0.89 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) (mean±SD) | 1.34±0.71 | 1.36±0.82 | 1.32±0.59 | 0.81 |
| BMI (kg/m2) (mean±SD) | 26.22±4.81 | 25.48±3.82 | 26.94±5.53 | 0.14 |
| Diabetes (%) | 61 (37.88) | 28 (35.44) | 33 (40.24) | 0.45 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 94 (58.38) | 44 (55.69) | 50 (60.97) | 0.58 |
| previous PCI (%) | 30 (18.63) | 12 (15.18) | 18 (21.95) | 0.31 |
| AP (%) | 29 (18.01) | 20 (25.31) | 27 (32.92) | 0.26 |
| Syncope (%) | 19 (11.8) | 20 (25.31) | 18 (21.95) | 0.67 |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 4 (2.48) | 1 (1.26) | 3 (3.65) | 0.31 |
| Chronic atrial fibrillation (%) | 61 (37.88) | 34 (43.03) | 27 (32.92) | 0.18 |
| Hypertension (%) | 114 (87.57) | 48 (60.75) | 66 (80.48) | 0.01* |
| Dyslipidaemia (%) | 72 (44.72) | 30 (37.97) | 42 (51.21) | 0.13 |
| Stroke (%) | 24 (14.9) | 17 (21.51) | 18 (21.95) | 0.88 |
| Nicotine (%) | 17 (10.55) | 12 (15.18) | 12 (14.63) | 0.97 |
| NYHA | ||||
| I–II (%) | 37 (22.98) | 20 (25.31) | 17 (20.73) | 0.54 |
| II–IV (%) | 44 (27.32) | 23 (29.11) | 21 (25.6) | 0.65 |
| COPD (%) | 27 (16.77) | 14 (17.72) | 13 (15.85) | 0.51 |
| STS-PROM mortality (mean±SD) | 10.1±4.3 | 10.9±4.4 | 9.4±4.1 | 0.23 |
| Euro-SCORE log (mean±SD) | 25.37±18.29 | 28.83±20.48 | 26.04±15.31 | 0.34 |
| Statin (%) | 51 (31.67) | 24 (30.37) | 27 (32.92) | 0.65 |
| β-Blocker (%) | 60 (37.26) | 24 (30.37) | 36 (43.9) | 0.12 |
| Acetylsalicylic acid (%) | 86 (53.41) | 34 (43.03) | 52 (63.41) | 0.006* |
| Vitamin K antagonist (%) | 25 (15.52) | 9 (11.39) | 16 (19.51) | 0.29 |
| Calcium antagonist (%) | 46 (28.57) | 18 (22.78) | 28 (34.14) | 0.09 |
| Diuretic (%) | 104 (64.59) | 57 (72.15) | 47 (57.31) | 0.04* |
| Digitalis (%) | 34 (21.11) | 18 (22.78) | 16 (19.51) | 0.67 |
| ACE-Hemmer/AT I (%) | 77 (47.82) | 20 (25.31) | 57 (69.51) | <0.001* |
| AVA (cm2) (mean±SD) | 1.1±0.5 | 0.7±0.2 | 1.5±0.4 | <0.0001* |
| Vmax (m/sec) (mean±SD) | 3.23±1.09 | 3.97±0.93 | 2.53±0.68 | <0.0001* |
| Pmean (mm Hg) (mean±SD) | 27.83±15.35 | 37.24±15.53 | 18.77±7.99 | <0.0001* |
| LVEF (%) (mean±SD) | 49.81±10.3 | 49.25±10.73 | 50.34±9.90 | 0.25 |
| CO (l/min) (mean±SD) | 3.41±0.90 | 3.27±0.88 | 3.54±0.9 | 0.03* |
| LVEF <40% (%) | 21 (13.04) | 12 (15.18) | 9 (10.97) | 0.23 |
| PAP (mm Hg) (mean±SD) | 32.11±19.96 | 38.30±18.02 | 26.55±19.93 | <0.0001* |
AP, angina pectoris; AVA, aortic valve area; BMI, body mass index; CO, cardiac output; COPD, chronic obstructive lung disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York heart association; PAP, pulmonary artery pressure; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; Pmean, mean pressure gradient; STS-PROM, Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk Of Mortality, Vmax, maximal velocity.
↵* statistical significance with p<0.05.