Coverage, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative screening strategies applied to the population at risk of premature cardiovascular disease (men 40–54 years of age; women 40–64 years of age)
| Targeted screening | Mass screening | ||||
| Family members living in deprived communities | Deprived communities | Family members | Family members and deprived communities | ||
| Strategies implemented in isolation* | |||||
| Coverage of general population | 5% | 17% | 28% | 41% | 100% |
| Coverage of high-risk population | 23% | 45% | 61% | 84% | 100% |
| % of screened population at high risk | 31% | 16% | 14% | 13% | 6% |
| Number needed to screen | 3.3 | 6.1 | 7.4 | 7.8 | 16.0 |
| Mean cost per high-risk case detected (£) | 75 | 141 | 170 | 180 | 370 |
| Strategies implemented incrementally† | |||||
| Additional coverage of general population | 5% | – | – | 36% | 59% |
| Additional coverage of high-risk population | 23% | – | – | 61% | 16% |
| % of additional screened population at high risk | 31% | – | – | 12% | 2% |
| Additional number needed to screen | 3.3 | 8.8 | 9.8 | 8.5 | 58.8 |
| Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio | 75 (43 to 107) | 203 (117 to 289) | 225 (130 to 321) | 196 (113 to 278) | 1358 (784 to 1931) |
| Revised incremental cost-effectiveness ratio‡ | 75 (43 to 107) | Extended dominated | Extended dominated | 215 (124 to 306) | 1358 (784 to 1931) |