Absolute change in serum LDL-cholesterol between the baseline (1991–3) and follow-up (2003–4) screening as a function of the use of lipid-lowering drugs, healthy diet and physical activity (N=4469)
| n | Mean absolute change in LDL-cholesterol (95% CI), mmol/l | |||
| Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 3‡ | ||
| Start of lipid-lowering drugs | ||||
| None | 3954 | −0.61 (−0.66 to −0.56) | −0.60 (−0.65 to −0.56) | −0.59 (−0.65 to −0.53) |
| Baseline | 34 | −1.70 (−1.96 to −1.43) | −1.70 (−1.96 to −1.43) | −1.73 (−1.99 to −1.46) |
| During follow-up | 481 | −2.42 (−2.50 to −2.34) | −2.38 (−2.46 to −2.30) | −2.36 (−2.45 to −2.28) |
| Change in AHEI score | ||||
| Increase (≥1 SD) | 717 | −0.99 (−1.08 to −0.91) | −0.99 (−1.07 to −0.90) | −1.65 (−1.76 to −1.53) |
| Stable (−1≤ SD <1) | 3071 | −0.85 (−0.92 to −0.79) | −0.84 (−0.90 to −0.78) | −1.58 (−1.68 to −1.47) |
| Decrease (<−1 SD) | 681 | −0.76 (−0.85 to −0.67) | −0.75 (−0.83 to −0.66) | −1.46 (−1.57 to −1.35) |
| Change in physical activity | ||||
| Increase (≥1 SD) | 601 | −0.98 (−1.07 to −0.88) | −0.95 (−1.05 to −0.86) | −1.66 (−1.78 to −1.54) |
| Stable (−1≤ SD <1) | 3312 | −0.86 (−0.92 to −0.80) | −0.85 (−0.91 to −0.79) | −1.56 (−1.66 to −1.46) |
| Decrease (<−1 SD) | 556 | −0.77 (−0.87 to −0.68) | −0.76 (−0.85 to −0.66) | −1.46 (−1.58 to −1.34) |
↵* Model 1: Adjusted for sex, age at baseline, ethnicity and duration of follow-up.
↵† Model 2: As model 1 and additionally adjusted for education level, BMI at baseline and long-standing illness at baseline.
↵‡ Model 3: As model 2 with predictors mutually adjusted.
AHEI, alternate healthy eating index; BMI, body mass index; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.