Table 1

Multivariable associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with cardiovascular risk factors in US adolescents 2001–6

Risk factors	SD	N	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
Risk factors	SD	N	Coefficient	95% CI	p Value	Coefficient	95% CI	p Value	Coefficient	95% CI	p Value
SBP (mm Hg)	10.3	4807	−0.131	−0.175 to −0.087	<0.001	−0.137	−0.185 to −0.088	<0.001	−0.068	−0.118 to −0.018	0.009
DBP (mm Hg)	10.7	4777	−0.016	−0.063 to 0.031	0.49	−0.043	−0.100 to 0.014	0.14	−0.046	−0.105 to 0.014	0.13
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)	0.44	2689	−0.017	−0.088 to 0.053	0.62	−0.065	−0.147 to 0.017	0.12	−0.033	−0.114 to 0.048	0.42
Fasting insulin (mU/l)^*	0.72	2667	−0.161	−0.214 to −0.109	<0.001	−0.167	−0.221 to −0.112	<0.001	−0.033	−0.079 to 0.013	0.16
Male subjects only	0.75	1392	−0.216	−0.288 to −0.144	<0.001	−0.279	−0.367 to −0.191	<0.001	−0.089	−0.163 to −0.015	0.02
Female subjects only	0.67	1275	−0.111	−0.176 to −0.047	0.001	−0.061	−0.130 to 0.009	0.08	0.022	−0.037 to 0.081	0.45
Postload glucose^*	0.24	742	−0.069	−0.201 to 0.063	0.28	−0.104	−0.252 to 0.045	0.16	−0.052	−0.179 to 0.075	0.40
Glycohaemoglobin (%)	0.34	5609	−0.057	−0.102 to −0.011	0.02	0.049	−0.002 to 0.100	0.06	0.073	0.021 to 0.125	0.007
Fasting triglycerides (mmol/l)^*	0.48	2670	0.073	0.010 to 0.136	0.02	−0.021	−0.090 to 0.048	0.54	0.059	−0.014 to 0.132	0.11
Male subjects only	0.50	1392	−0.027	−0.100 to 0.047	0.47	−0.148	−0.236 to −0.060	0.001	−0.033	−0.120 to 0.055	0.46
Female subjects only	0.46	1278	0.164	0.077 to 0.250	<0.001	0.096	0.000 to 0.192	0.05	0.144	0.049 to 0.239	0.004
HDL-C (mmol/l)^†	0.33	3644	0.069	0.015 to 0.123	0.01	0.172	0.117 to 0.226	<0.001	0.101	0.040 to 0.162	0.002
LDL-C (mmol/l)^†	0.69	1741	−0.020	−0.092 to 0.052	0.57	−0.022	−0.101 to 0.058	0.58	0.023	−0.062 to 0.108	0.58
Male subjects only	0.72	934	−0.105	−0.207 to −0.004	0.04	−0.116	−0.231 to −0.001	0.05	−0.057	−0.187 to 0.073	0.38
Female subjects only	0.65	807	0.053	−0.063 to 0.168	0.36	0.064	−0.065 to 0.194	0.32	0.096	−0.035 to 0.227	0.15

↵* z-Score of log transformed values; SD of log-transformed variable represented.
↵† Measured from 2003 to 2006 only.
Model 1—age and gender adjusted; model 2—as model 1 plus ethnicity, PIR; model 3—as model 2 plus waist circumference.
DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PIR, poverty index ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure.