Potential complications of transvenous lead extraction
| Major complications | Minor complications |
| Death | Pericardial effusion not requiring intervention |
| Cardiac avulsion requiring intervention (percutaneous or surgical) | Haemothorax not requiring intervention |
| Vascular injury requiring intervention (percutaneous or surgical) | Pocket haematoma requiring reoperation |
| Pulmonary embolism requiring surgical intervention | Upper extremity thrombosis resulting in medical treatment |
| Respiratory arrest/anaesthesia related complication prolonging hospitalisation | Vascular repair near implant site or venous entry site |
| Stroke | Haemodynamically significant air embolism |
| CIED infection at previously non-infected site | Migrated lead fragment without sequelae |
| Blood transfusion as a result of intraoperative blood loss | |
| Pneumothorax requiring a chest tube | |
| Pulmonary embolism not requiring surgical intervention |
CIED, cardiovascular implantable electronic device.