Univariate analysis of preoperative clinical and demographic characteristics associated with cardiac and haemorrhagic complications
| All patients | MACCE | Bleeding complications | |||
| n=1134 | n=124 | p | n=108 | p | |
| Age (years) | 68.4±10.5 | 70.7±9.9 | 0.009 | 68.9±11.1 | 0.593 |
| Sex (% men) | 80.3 | 78.2 | 0.549 | 78.7 | 0.672 |
| Weight (kg) | 78.4±14.6 | 77.3±16.9 | 0.372 | 75.7±14.1 | 0.040 |
| Height (cm) | 170±7.7 | 170±8.2 | 0.961 | 169±7.9 | 0.187 |
| Hypertension (%) | 62.1 | 62.1 | 0.997 | 65.7 | 0.410 |
| Diabetes (%) | 25.7 | 22.6 | 0.627 | 25.0 | 0.927 |
| Stroke (%) | 8.3 | 12.1 | 0.103 | 7.4 | 0.727 |
| PVD (%) | 81.0 | 79.8 | 0.738 | 75.0 | 0.098 |
| Previous MI (%) | 52.7 | 56.5 | 0.368 | 52.8 | 0.977 |
| Congestive heart disease (%) | 8.4 | 19.4 | <0.001 | 16.7 | 0.001 |
| Creatinine clearance (%) | |||||
| <30 ml/min | 3.9 | 13.7 | <0.001 | 10.2 | <0.001 |
| 30–60 ml/min | 18.4 | 24.2 | 32.4 | ||
| >60 ml/min | 46.4 | 57.3 | 45.4 | ||
| Unknown | 31.3 | 4.8 | 12.0 | ||
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) | |||||
| <10 | 3.3 | 9.7 | <0.001 | 9.3 | <0.001 |
| 10–12 | 10.5 | 16.1 | 21.3 | ||
| >12 | 46.5 | 37.1 | 49.1 | ||
| Unknown | 39.4 | 37.1 | 20.4 | ||
| Coronary stents | |||||
| Number | 1.8±1.2 | 2.0±0.12 | 0.130 | 1.8±0.1 | 0.933 |
| Type (%) | |||||
| DES (±BMS) | 32.4 | 29.0 | 0.184 | 34.3 | 0.222 |
| BMS (only) | 54.9 | 62.1 | 58.3 | ||
| Unknown* | 12.7 | 8.9 | 7.4 | ||
| Treatment (%) | |||||
| β-Blockers | 73.3 | 67.7 | 0.140 | 76.9 | 0.378 |
| Statins | 84.7 | 81.5 | 0.280 | 87.0 | 0.486 |
| ACEI or ARB | 43.7 | 41.1 | 0.549 | 46.3 | 0.560 |
| NSAIDs | 2.3 | 1.6 | 0.588 | 1.9 | 0.754 |
| VKA | 6.9 | 9.7 | 0.192 | 5.6 | 0.568 |
| Nitrates | 21.0 | 27.6 | 0.054 | 24.1 | 0.402 |
| Antiplatelet agents (%) | |||||
| None | 5.6 | 8.9 | 0.091 | 3.7 | 0.148 |
| Aspirin alone | 39.6 | 38.9 | 33.3 | ||
| Clopidogrel alone | 21.7 | 17.7 | 20.4 | ||
| Dual therapy | 33.1 | 38.5 | 42.6 | ||
| Preoperative management of OAT | |||||
| No interruption (%) | 72.5 | 69.0 | 0.015 | 75.7 | 0.485 |
| Total interruption ≤5 days (%) | 13.5 | 8.9 | 9.7 | ||
| Total interruption >5 days (%) | 14 | 22.1 | 14.6 | ||
| Delay between PCI and surgery (months) | |||||
| 0–3 | 6.0 | 9.8 | 0.133 | 19.2 | <0.001 |
| 4–6 | 5.2 | 7.7 | 5.8 | ||
| 7–12 | 6.7 | 4.9 | 6.7 | ||
| >12 | 82.2 | 77.9 | 68.3 | ||
| Surgery | |||||
| Urgent | 9.6 | 26.6 | <0.001 | 19.4 | <0.001 |
| High risk | 26.4 | 53.2 | <0.001 | 56.5 | <0.001 |
| Lee score (%) | |||||
| II | 65.9 | 58.8 | 0.119 | 58.3 | 0.023 |
| III | 27.3 | 30.7 | 28.7 | ||
| IV | 6.9 | 10.5 | 13 | ||
| ASA classification (%) | |||||
| 2 | 26.2 | 21.1 | <0.001 | 20.6 | 0.175 |
| 3 | 69.2 | 67.5 | 72.0 | ||
| 4–5 | 4.7 | 11.4 | 7.5 | ||
* At the time of preoperative evaluation.
ACEI, ACE inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor antagonists; BMS, bare metal stent; DES, drug-eluting stent; MACCE, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events; MI, myocardial infarction; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; OAT, oral antiplatelet therapy; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.