First author | Year | Region | N | Mean age (years) | % Men | FU (years) | Definition marker | Endpoint | Event rate, (%) | C-statistic without plaque | C-statistic with plaque | NRI (CI), %* |
Cao23 | 2007 | USA | 5020 | 73 | 40 | 8 | No, intermediate risk, or high risk plaque | CVD‡ | 37.9 | 0.72 | 0.73 | – |
Mathiesen28 | 2011 | Norway | 6584 | 60 | 49 | 10 | Sum of all plaque areas | Stroke‡ | 6.0 | 0.74 | 0.75 | – |
Nambi9 | 2010 | USA | 13 145 | 54 | 43 | 15 | Carotid plaque | CHD‡ | 13.7 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 7.7 (2.3 to 11.4) |
Prati33 | 2011 | Italy | 1348 | 18–99 | 47 | 12 | Total plaque risk score | TIA, stroke, and vascular death‡ | 8.5 | 0.88 | 0.90 | – |
Stork34 | 2006 | The Netherlands | 403 | 78 | 100 | 4 | Sum of all plaque areas | CVD† | 7.7 | 0.67 | 0.72 | – |
Xie35 | 2011 | China | 3258 | 59 | 41 | 5 | Sum of segments with plaque43 | CHD and stroke‡ | 4.2 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 10.5 (9.4 to 11.6) |
The baseline prediction model used in each of the studies is described in supplementary table 1 (available online only).
↵* Intermediate risk was defined as an absolute predicted 10 year risk between 5% and 10% and 10% and 20%,9 or a 5 year predicted risk between 3% and 10%.35
↵† Fatal events.
↵‡ Non-fatal and fatal events.
CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; FU, follow-up; NRI, net reclassification improvement; TIA, transient ischaemic accident.