Multivariate HRs and 95% CIs for MI and stroke incidence and CVD mortality by quartile of total dietary calcium intake, the EPIC-Heidelberg cohort, 1994–2010
| Quartile | No of cases | HR and 95% CI | ||
| Model A | Model B | |||
| MI incidence | 1 (low) | 101 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 2 | 91 | 0.94 (0.70 to 1.25) | 1.01 (0.75 to 1.37) | |
| 3 | 70 | 0.69 (0.50 to 0.94) | 0.67 (0.48 to 0.94) | |
| 4 (high) | 92 | 0.85 (0.63 to 1.16) | 0.92 (0.66 to 1.27) | |
| ptrend | 0.22 | 0.39 | ||
| Stroke incidence | 1 (low) | 58 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 2 | 79 | 1.50 (1.06 to 2.11) | 1.38 (0.94 to 2.01) | |
| 3 | 64 | 1.24 (0.86 to 1.79) | 1.28 (0.86 to 1.89) | |
| 4 (high) | 59 | 1.12 (0.76 to 1.65) | 1.17 (0.77 to 1.77) | |
| ptrend | 0.97 | 0.73 | ||
| CVD mortality | 1 (low) | 65 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 2 | 75 | 1.34 (0.95 to 1.88) | 1.51 (1.05 to 2.17) | |
| 3 | 61 | 1.15 (0.80 to 1.65) | 1.22 (0.83 to 1.81) | |
| 4 (high) | 66 | 1.18 (0.82 to 1.72) | 1.30 (0.87 to 1.94) | |
| ptrend | 0.62 | 0.44 | ||
Model A: adjusted for sex, age at recruitment, educational level, physical activity, BMI, smoking categories, lifetime alcohol intake, energy-adjusted dietary vitamin D, saturated fatty acid and total protein intake, total energy intake, self-reported diabetes mellitus at recruitment and use of calcium supplements.
Model B: cardiovascular events that occurred in the first 2 years of follow-up were excluded.
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; MI, myocardial infarction.