Table 1

Proportion of deaths attributed to cardiac disease in patients with COPD

Author	Year	Sample size (N)	Mean follow-up (years)	Mean age (years)	No. of deaths	All cardiac causes n/N	All cardiac causes % of total	Specific cardiac causes, if reported % of total
Anthonisen16 (RCT)^*	1994	5887	5	48	149	37/149	25
Anthonisen17 (RCT)^*	2005	5887	14.5	48	731	163/731	22	IHD 10
Calverley18 (RCT)^†	2007	6112	3	65	875	137/875	16	Unknown/other 10
McGarvey19 (RCT)^†	2007	6184	3	65	911	Not reported	27	CCF 3 MI 3 CVA 4 Sudden death 16
McGarvey20 (RCT)	2011	5992	4	65	981	184/981	23	Cardiovascular 108 (11) Sudden cardiac 43 (4) Sudden death 33 (3)
Vilkman21	1997	2237	Not reported	67	1070		37
Keistinen22	1998	2727	8.5	50–54	973	Not reported	Males 38 Females 26	CHD 27 CVA 4 CHD 26 CVA 8
Engstrom23	2001	200	14	68	181	91/181	50	IHD 29
Garcia-Aymerich24	2003	340	1.1	69	98	12/98	12	IHD 5
Celli25	2004	625	2.3	64–67	162	Not reported	14
Stavem26	2005	405	26	50	196	89/196	45	IHD 20 CVA 5 Sudden death 14 Other 5
Curkendall27	2006	7575	4	Over 65	1975	Not reported	30

↵* Both studies report data from the lung health study but with different follow-up periods.
↵† Both studies report data from Towards a Revolution in COPD Health (TORCH) study.
CCF, congestive cardiac failure; CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA, cerebral vascular accident; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; MI, myocardial infarction; RCT, randomised control trial.