In vitro human aortic annulus analysis
| Overall (n=28) | No calcium (n=15) | Mild–moderate calcium (n=8) | Severe calcium (n=5) | |
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Age, years | 59±18 | 50±17 | 62±10 | 78±15 |
| Male gender, n | 11 | 8 | 0 | 3 |
| BMI, m sq. | 28±7 | 28±8 | 28±5 | 29±9 |
| Heart weight, g | 443±165 | 399±88 | 469±107 | 531±165 |
| Agatston score | 2012±6920 | 0 | 72±59 | 11 553±14 061 |
| Calcium mass | 335±1233 | 0 | 8.6±6.9 | 2060±2637 |
| Calcium volume | 174±608 | 0 | 13.4±11.5 | 1060±1265 |
| Intraclass correlation coefficient | ||||
| 3DE | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.95 | 0.86 |
| MSCT | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.91 | 0.88 |
| CMR | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.96 |
| Variability, % | ||||
| 3DE | 4.9±4.4 | 4.1±3.9 | 5.0±4.7 | 5.7±4.6 |
| MSCT | 5.3±3.9 | 4.2±3.5 | 5.6±3.0 | 3.9±4.0 |
| CMR | 3.2±2.6 | 3.2±2.6 | 2.5±2.6 | 4.2±2.7 |
| Bias (lower, upper 95% limits of agreement), cm | ||||
| 3DE | −0.13 (−0.67, 0.40) | −0.16 (−0.59, 0.26) | 0.15 (−0.66, 0.36) | 0.17 (−0.30, 0.64) |
| MSCT | 0.13 (−0.22, 0.47) | 0.12 (−0.25, 0.48) | 0.17 (−0.28, 0.62) | 0.23 (−0.15, 0.61) |
| CMR | * | * | * | * |
↵* Reference standard.
3DE, three-dimensional echocardiography; BMI, body mass index; CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; MSCT, multi-slice CT.