Table 1

Clinical characteristics

	All patients	%PMETs ≥85%	%PMETs <85%	% PMETs p value	E/e' stress ≤13	E/e' stress >13	E/e' stress p value
Number	486	399	87		378	108
Age, yrs	56±13	56±12	53±13	NS	54±12	63±11	<0.001
Male, (%)	306 (63)	252 (63)	54 (62)	NS	246 (65)	60 (56)	NS
Body mass index, kg/m²	28.4±5.2	27.6±4.3	32.2±6.9	<0.001	28.2±5.2	29.1±5.0	NS
Diabetes, (%)	70 (14)	51 (13)	19 (22)	0.029	45 (12)	25 (23)	0.002
Hypertension, (%)	287 (59)	224 (56)	63 (72)	0.005	203 (54)	84 (78)	<0.001
Dyslipidemia, (%)	304 (62)	255 (63)	49 (56)	NS	223 (59)	81 (75)	0.001
Tobacco, (%)	222 (46)	173 (43)	49 (56)	0.028	166 (44)	56 (52)	NS
Diastolic function
Normal, (%)	238 (49)	201 (50)	37 (43)	NS	217 (57)	21 (19)	<0.001
Mild Dysfunction, (%)	172 (36)	139 (35)	33 (38)	NS	136 (36)	36 (34)	NS
Moderate/severe dysfunction, (%)	76 (15)	58 (15)	17 (20)	NS	25 (7)	51 (47)	<0.001
Baseline echocardiography
End-diastolic LV dimension, mm	45±6	45±6	45±6	NS	45±6	45±7	NS
End-systolic LV dimension, mm	28±4	28±6	28±7	NS	28±6	28±7	NS
Interventricular septal thickness, mm	10±2	10±2	11±2	<0.001	10±2	11±2	<0.001
LV posterior wall thickness, mm	11±3	10±3	11±2	<0.001	11±2	13±3	0.001
LV mass index, g/m²	87±25	87±26	87±23	NS	85±24	95±26	<0.001
LV ejection fraction, %	56±5	56±5	56±8	NS	57±6	56±5	NS
Exercise echocardiography
Resting HR, beats/min	68±12	67±11	75±13	<0.001	68±12	68±12	NS
Peak HR, beats/min	151±23	153±21	141±26	<0.001	155±21	137±23	<0.001
Resting systolic BP, mm hg	127±18	127±18	129±18	NS	126±18	130±17	0.027
Peak systolic BP, mm Hg	176±26	177±26	170±26	0.049	176±26	174±26	NS
Resting pulse pressure, mm Hg	45±15	45±15	44±15	NS	44±15	49±16	0.003
Peak pulse pressure, mm Hg	91±24	93±24	82±23	<0.001	91±23	89±28	NS
Exercise capacity, METs	9.2±2.5	9.8±2.3	6.5±1.8	<0.001	9.6±2.5	7.7±2.3	<0.001
% predicted METs	105±24	113±18	71±13	<0.001	106±23	101±24	0.024
E-wave rest, cm/s	82±21	81±20	87±28	0.017	78±18	95±27	<0.001
E-wave stress, cm/s	111±33	111±34	116±32	NS	104±25	139±43	<0.001
e' rest, cm/s	9.0±2.6	9.3±2.6	8.3±2.4	0.011	9.4±2.6	7.4±2.0	<0.001
e' stress, cm/s	11.3±3.5	11.6±3.5	9.8±3.1	<0.001	12.1±3.3	8.4±2.6	<0.001
E/e' rest	9.8±3.9	9.3±3.4	11.2±5.6	<0.001	8.7±2.6	13.7±5.1	<0.001
E/e' stress	10.7±4.4	10.4±3.7	12.5±5.9	<0.001	8.9±2.0	17.1±4.6	<0.001
LA function
Maximum LA volume index, ml/m²	31.7±11.7	30.7±10.8	33.1±10.8	NS	29.1±10.2	38.1±13.7	<0.001
Minimum LA volume index, ml/m²	14.9±8.8	14.3±8.8	16.4±8.2	NS	13.1±6.6	21.7±11.6	<0.001
Precontraction LA volume index, ml/m²	21.8±9.9	21.4±10.1	23.7±10.2	NS	19.8±8.2	28.8±12.3	<0.001
LA expansion index, %	132±63	135±64	120±59	0.036	143±63	93±45	<0.001
PVF-S, cm/s	56.5±12.3	56.9±12.3	54.6±11.8	NS	56.4±11.4	56.8±15.0	NS
PVF-D, cm/s	48.2±13.8	48.4±12.9	47.3±17.1	NS	47.6±12.2	50.5±18.2	NS
PVF-A, cm/s	32.8±9.8	32.7±10.0	33.4±8.7	NS	33.1±10.2	31.9±8.3	NS
S/D	1.24±0.36	1.24±0.36	1.25±0.39	NS	1.25±0.35	1.22±0.40	NS
LA total strain, %	30.6±9.2	31.5±8.7	26.4±7.9	<0.001	32.5±8.8	23.7±7.1	<0.001
LA positive strain, %	18.3±7.3	18.7±6.8	15.7±5.6	<0.001	19.7±7.3	13.5±5.3	<0.001
LA negative strain, %	12.4±5.0	12.8±4.9	10.6±4.4	<0.001	12.9±5.0	10.6±4.8	<0.001

Data are expressed as mean±SD or as number (%).
LV, left ventricular; HR, heart rate; BP, blood pressure; E, early mitral inflow velocity; e', early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus; LA, left atrial; PVF, pulmonary vein flow.