Patient characteristics, comorbid conditions, and echocardiographic parameters
| Combined AS and AR (n=74) | Isolated AS (n=232) | p Value | |
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 70±11 | 73±11 | 0.11 |
| Female, n (%) | 43 (58) | 141 (61) | 0.68 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 1.52±0.18 | 1.52±0.17 | 0.96 |
| NYHA functional class, n (%) | |||
| I | 33 (45) | 111 (48) | 0.63 |
| II | 31 (42) | 90 (39) | 0.64 |
| III or IV | 10 (14) | 29 (13) | 0.82 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 35 (47) | 131 (56) | 0.17 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 16 (22) | 53 (23) | 0.83 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 10 (27) | 68 (25) | 0.82 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 19 (26) | 51 (22) | 0.51 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 20 (27) | 63 (27) | 0.98 |
| Prior cerebral infarction | 6 (8) | 31 (13) | 0.21 |
| Haemodialysis | 9 (12) | 22 (9) | 0.51 |
| Echocardiographic indices | |||
| LV ejection fraction, % | 60±10 | 63±11 | 0.09 |
| LV end-diastolic dimension, mm | 47±7 | 43±6 | <0.001 |
| LV end-systolic dimension, mm | 30±8 | 27±7 | 0.001 |
| Aotic valve area, cm2 | 0.80±0.20 | 0.79±0.18 | 0.87 |
| Aortic valve area index, cm2/m2 | 0.54±0.15 | 0.53±0.12 | 0.56 |
| Aortic jet velocity, m/s | 4.3±0.9 | 4.0±0.7 | 0.003 |
| Mean aortic gradient, mm Hg | 46±19 | 39±15 | 0.001 |
AS, aortic stenosis; AR, aortic regurgitation; LV, left ventricular.