Table 1
Characteristics of the total cohort, COPD patients at hospitalisation for exacerbation (AECOPD) and in stable state
| Covariate | Total | AECOPD (n=50) | Stable state (n=124) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | ||||
| Age, years mean (SD) | 65.0 (7.9) | 66.5 (6.8) | 64.3 (8.2) | 0.093 |
| Female, n (%) | 92 (53) | 25 (50) | 67 (54) | 0.630 |
| BMI, kg/m2 mean (SD) | 24.2 (5.5) | 23.2 (5.4) | 24.6 (5.4) | 0.086 |
| Smoking habit | ||||
| Pack-years, mean (SD) | 35.7 (21.1) | 42.6 (19.2) | 33.0 (21.3) | 0.006 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 39 (22) | 8 (16) | 31 (25) | 0.198 |
| Clinical data | ||||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg mean (SD) | 138 (22) | 138 (28) | 138 (19) | 0.845 |
| HR, 1/min mean (SD) | 85 (22) | 106 (22) | 76 (15) | <0.001 |
| Arterial HT, n (%) | 65 (37) | 14 (28) | 51 (41) | 0.105 |
| CAD, n (%) | 28 (16) | 12 (24) | 16 (13) | 0.071 |
| CAT score, mean (SD) | 21.1 (7.6) | 28.0 (5.7) | 18.1 (6.2) | <0.001 |
| Long-term O2 treatment, n (%) | 21 (12) | 7 (14) | 14 (11) | 0.633 |
| ECG, n (%) | ||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 7 (4) | 6 (13) | 1 (1) | 0.001 |
| q-Wave | 12 (7) | 1 (2) | 11 (9) | 0.115 |
| T-wave inversion | 20 (12) | 6 (12) | 14 (12) | 0.939 |
| Left bundle branch block | 4 (2) | 1 (2) | 3 (2) | 0.905 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy | 5 (3) | 1 (2) | 4 (3) | 0.684 |
| Spirometry | ||||
| FVC, L mean (SD) | 2.46 (0.93) | 2.11 (0.68) | 2.60 (0.98) | 0.002 |
| FEV1, L mean (SD) | 1.07 (0.51) | 0.85 (0.41) | 1.15 (0.53) | <0.001 |
| FEV1 to FVC, mean (SD) | 0.45 (0.15) | 0.40 (0.12) | 0.47 (0.16) | 0.009 |
| Arterial blood gases, kPa mean (SD) | ||||
 | 8.85 (1.51) | 8.16 (1.82) | 9.16 (1.24) | <0.001 |
 | 5.89 (1.59) | 6.55 (2.38) | 5.60 (0.95) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Haemoglobin, g/dl mean (SD) | 14.3 (1.4) | 13.7 (1.4) | 14.5 (1.4) | <0.001 |
| Leucocytes, 10−9/l mean (SD) | 9.2 (3.7) | 12.9 (4.5) | 7.9 (2.1) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, µmol/l mean (SD) | 75.9 (20.7) | 69.3 (21.1) | 75.9 (20.3) | 0.064 |
| CRP, mg/l geometric mean | 6.26 | 38.30 | 2.75 | <0.001 |
| IL-6, pg/ml geometric mean | – | – | 2.34 | – |
| hs-cTnT, ng/l n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| <14.0 | 98 (61) | 9 (18) | 89 (81) | |
| 14.0–39.9 | 41 (26) | 26 (52) | 15 (14) | |
| ≥40.0 | 21 (13) | 15 (30) | 6 (5) | |
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All spirometry data were measured in stable state.
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AECOPD, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C reactive protein; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; HR, heart rate; hs-cTnT, high sensitive cardiac troponin T; HT, hypertension; IL, interleukin; one pack-year: 20 cigarettes daily during 1 year.