Distribution of some sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors of IHD in the Golestan Cohort Study, at the baseline by self-reported HD status*
| Characteristics | All participants | HD cases | Participants without HD | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 50045 (100) | 3051 (100) | 46993 (100) | |
| Age (years) | 52.1 (9.0) | 56.9 (9.1) | 51.8 (8.9) | <0.001 |
| Sex | 0.03 | |||
| Women | 28811 (57.6) | 1787 (58.6) | 27024 (57.5) | |
| Men | 21234 (42.4) | 1264 (41.4) | 19970 (42.5) | |
| Ethnicity | <0.001 | |||
| Non-Turkmen | 12792 (25.6) | 1022 (33.5) | 11770 (25.0) | |
| Turkmen | 37253 (74.4) | 2029 (66.5) | 35224 (75.0) | |
| Place of residence | <0.001 | |||
| Rural | 40013 (80.0) | 2272 (74.5) | 37741 (80.3) | |
| Urban | 10032 (20.0) | 779 (25.5) | 9253 (19.7) | |
| Education | <0.001 | |||
| No School | 35118 (70.2) | 2298 (75.3) | 32820 (69.8) | |
| Primary/middle school | 10708 (21.4) | 569 (18.6) | 10139 (21.6) | |
| High school | 3155 (6.3) | 133 (4.4) | 3022 (6.4) | |
| University | 1064 (2.1) | 51 (1.7) | 1013 (2.2) | |
| Wealth | <0.001 | |||
| Low | 14587 (29.1) | 814 (26.7) | 13773 (29.3) | |
| Low-Medium | 10097 (20.2) | 599 (19.6) | 9498 (20.2) | |
| Medium-High | 12348 (24.7) | 749 (24.6) | 11599 (24.7) | |
| High | 13010 (26.0) | 889 (29.1) | 12121 (25.8) | |
| Physical activity | <0.001 | |||
| Irregular non-intense | 30647 (61.4) | 2198 (72.2) | 28449 (60.7) | |
| Regular non-intense | 13536 (27.1) | 654 (21.5) | 12882 (27.5) | |
| Regular or irregular intense | 5695 (11.4) | 192 (6.3) | 5503 (11.8) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.7 (5.5) | 27.7 (5.7) | 26.6 (5.4) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension† | <0.001 | |||
| Normotensive | 28628 (57.5) | 1032 (33.9) | 27596 (59.0) | |
| Hypertensive | 21197 (42.5) | 2012 (66.1) | 19185 (41.0) | |
| Self-reported diabetes | <0.001 | |||
| Non-diabetic | 46591 (93.1) | 2481 (81.3) | 44110 (93.9) | |
| Diabetic | 3454 (6.9) | 570 (18.7) | 2884 (6.1) | |
*Figures are the number of participants (percentage), except for age and BMI, for which mean (SD) is presented. Numbers may not add up to the total numbers due to missing data in some variables. p Values calculated using χ2 tests for categorical variables and Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests for continuous variables.
†Including self-reported hypertension and individuals with high blood pressure at the baseline examination.
BMI, body mass index; HD, heart disease; IHD, ischaemic heart disease.