Demographics
| Heart rate (bpm) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤50 | 51–60 | 61–70 | 71–80 | 81–90 | >90 | p Value* | |
| n=222 | n=1003 | n=969 | n=404 | n=146 | n=54 | ||
| Resting heart rate (bpm) | 47.2 (2.8) | 56.0 (2.8) | 65.0 (2.9) | 74.2 (2.7) | 84.7 (2.8) | 100.6 (10.3) | |
| Lifestyle factors 1985–1986 | |||||||
| Leisure-time physical activity (%) | |||||||
| Low | 8.6 | 7.2 | 9.5 | 9.0 | 12.3 | 11.1 | <0.001 |
| Medium | 30.9 | 33.9 | 38.0 | 41.8 | 52.1 | 55.6 | |
| High | 60.5 | 58.9 | 52.5 | 52.5 | 35.6 | 33.3 | |
| Smoking (%) | 71.9 | 58.8 | 52.8 | 49.9 | 42.1 | 42.6 | <0.001 |
| Pack-years | 32.3 (23.1) | 28.5 (25.3) | 27.0 (26.2) | 26.4 (23.3) | 24.2 (23.0) | 25.5 (23.1) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol, beverages/week | 15.0 (13.5) | 15.5 (12.9) | 16.0 (13.5) | 15.5 (13.2) | 16.9 (16.2) | 16.7 (16.3) | 0.20 |
| Clinical and metabolic risk factors | |||||||
| Systolic BP | 114.9 (17.8) | 117.7 (16.5) | 120.6 (15.3) | 125.3 (16.8) | 130.8 (16.6) | 132.7 (22.9) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP >130 (%) | 20.3 | 20.9 | 26.6 | 35.9 | 53.4 | 48.1 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP | 65.7 (10.5) | 70.7 (10.8) | 72.9 (10.9) | 77.0 (12.9) | 78.2 (11.6) | 78.9 (11.7) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP >85 (%) | 5.4 | 9.5 | 12.2 | 20.5 | 28.8 | 31.5 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%)† | 13.2 | 12.3 | 9.3 | 10.6 | 12.5 | 16.7 | 0.19 |
| TG (mmol/l) | 1.36 (0.67) | 1.47 (0.87) | 1.51 (0.80) | 1.69 (1.54) | 1.84 (1.69) | 1.68 (1.08) | <0.001 |
| TG (>1.70 mmol/l) | 21.4 | 25.5 | 27.4 | 30.3 | 35.2 | 26.4 | 0.002 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.34 (0.32) | 1.36 (0.35) | 1.37 (0.35) | 1.35 (0.35) | 1.39 (0.39) | 1.48 (0.44) | 0.09 |
| HDL-C (<1.03 mmol/l) | 17.1 | 16.5 | 14.5 | 14.1 | 17.8 | 14.8 | 0.28 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 6.36 (0.95) | 6.47 (1.11) | 6.55 (1.10) | 6.53 (1.09) | 6.53 (1.01) | 6.67 (1.11) | 0.02 |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 4.75 (0.96) | 4.82 (1.09) | 4.88 (1.08) | 4.84 (1.05) | 4.80 (0.99) | 4.87 (1.11) | 0.36 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.0 (3.0) | 25.4 (3.2) | 25.7 (3.3) | 26.0 (3.8) | 26.2 (3.6) | 26.6 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| Other characteristics | |||||||
| Low social class (%) | 48.6 | 51.5 | 48.1 | 48.3 | 59.6 | 62.3 | 0.71 |
| Age (years) | 62.8 (5.1) | 62.4 (4.9) | 62.6 (5.3) | 62.7 (5.2) | 63.9 (5.6) | 63.3 (4.8) | 0.03 |
Lifestyle and other characteristics according to resting heart rate group. Values presented are mean (SD) or frequency in per cent.
*p Values of trend test (Kendall's τ B) or test for linearity in analysis of variance.
†Defined as treatment due to hypertension.
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; TG, triglycerides.